A review of membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Transport phenomena, performance and durability

Pan, Mingzhang; Pan, Cheng; Li, Chao; Zhao, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.110771

Cited by 206 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 323 publications

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“…All of these technologies are focused to overcome the problem of environmental contamination as well as the energy production and storage. In particular, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a promising and competitive energy source for portable, vehicular and stationary applications because they can produce high power densities working at low temperature conditions, low emissions and fast charge responses [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated Polysulfone/TiO2(B) Nanowires Composite Membranes as Polymer Electrolytes in Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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New proton conducting membranes based on sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) reinforced with TiO2(B) nanowires (1, 2, 5 and 10 wt.%) were synthesized and characterized. TiO2(B) nanowires were synthesized by means of a hydrothermal method by mixing TiO2 precursor in aqueous solution of NaOH as solvent. The presence of the TiO2(B) nanowires into the polymer were confirmed by means of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction. The thermal study showed an increase of almost 20 °C in the maximum temperature of sPSU backbone decomposition due to the presence of 10 wt.% TiO2(B) nanowires. Water uptake also is improved with the presence of hydrophilic TiO2(B) nanowires. Proton conductivity of sPSU with 10 wt.% TiO2(B) nanowires was 21 mS cm−1 (at 85 °C and 100% RH). Under these experimental conditions the power density was 350 mW cm−2 similar to the value obtained for Nafion 117. Considering all these obtained results, the composite membrane doped with 10 wt.% TiO2(B) nanowires is a promising candidate as proton exchange electrolyte in fuel cells (PEMFCs), especially those operating at high temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated Polysulfone/TiO2(B) Nanowires Composite Membranes as Polymer Electrolytes in Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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“…Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been considered as a competitive and promising power source for various vehicular and stationary applications due to their advantages, such as high energy generation efficiency, mild operation conditions, and dynamic load-following capability [1,2]. In particular, from the viewpoint of environmental conservation and sustainable energy utilization, much attention has been paid to electric vehicles using hydrogen as fuel worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore-Filled Proton-Exchange Membranes with Fluorinated Moiety for Fuel Cell Application

Song

Park

et al. 2021

Energies

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Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are the heart of promising hydrogen-fueled electric vehicles, and should lower their price and further improve durability. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the performances of the proton-exchange membrane (PEM), which is a key component of a PEMFC. In this study, novel pore-filled proton-exchange membranes (PFPEMs) were developed, in which a partially fluorinated ionomer with high cross-linking density is combined with a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate. By using a thin and tough porous PTFE substrate film, it was possible to easily fabricate a composite membrane possessing sufficient physical strength and low mass transfer resistance. Therefore, it was expected that the manufacturing method would be simple and suitable for a continuous process, thereby significantly reducing the membrane price. In addition, by using a tri-functional cross-linker, the cross-linking density was increased. The oxidation stability was greatly enhanced by introducing a fluorine moiety into the polymer backbone, and the compatibility with the perfluorinated ionomer binder was also improved. The prepared PFPEMs showed stable PEMFC performance (as maximum power density) equivalent to 72% of Nafion 212. It is noted that the conductivity of the PFPEMs corresponds to 58–63% of that of Nafion 212. Thus, it is expected that a higher fuel cell performance could be achieved when the membrane resistance is further lowered.

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“…As far as their applications are concerned, they are intended as energy sources to extend stationary applications. Several promising proton-conductive polyelectrolyte membranes have been established for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells [ 39 ]. An efficient fuel cell membrane must allow protons to move quickly; hence, researchers moved their focus towards the development of potential cation exchange membranes [ 40 , 41 ], which led to the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy with high efficiency and low emissions of pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Polyelectrolyte Membranes of Pectin Graft-Copolymers with PVA and Their Composites with Phosphomolybdic Acid for Drug Delivery, Toxic Metal Ion Removal, and Fuel Cell Applications

et al. 2021

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In this study, a simple method for the fabrication of highly diffusive, adsorptive and conductive eco-friendly polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) with sulfonate functionalized pectin and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) was established. The graft-copolymers were synthesized by employing the use of potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator from pectin (PC), a carbohydrate polymer with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulphonate (SVBS). The PEMs were fabricated from the blends of pectin graft-copolymers (PC-g-AMPS and PC-g-SVBS) and PVA by using a solution casting method, followed by chemical crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The composite PEMs were fabricated by mixing phosphomolybdic acid with the aforementioned blends. The PEMs were successfully characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX studies. They were assessed for the controlled release of an anti-cancer drug (5-fluorouracil) and the removal of toxic metal ions (Cu2+) from aqueous media. Furthermore, the composite PEMs were evaluated for fuel cell application. The 5-fluorouracil release capacity of the PEMs was found to be 93% and 99.1% at 300 min in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4). The highest Cu2+ removal was observed at 206.7 and 190.1 mg/g. The phosphomolybdic acid-embedded PEMs showed superior methanol permeability, i.e., 6.83 × 10−5, and 5.94 × 10−5, compared to the pristine PEMs. Furthermore, the same trend was observed for the proton conductivities, i.e., 13.77 × 10−3, and 18.6 × 10−3 S/cm at 30 °C.

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A review of membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Transport phenomena, performance and durability

Cited by 206 publications

References 323 publications

Sulfonated Polysulfone/TiO2(B) Nanowires Composite Membranes as Polymer Electrolytes in Fuel Cells

Sulfonated Polysulfone/TiO2(B) Nanowires Composite Membranes as Polymer Electrolytes in Fuel Cells

Pore-Filled Proton-Exchange Membranes with Fluorinated Moiety for Fuel Cell Application

Fabrication of Polyelectrolyte Membranes of Pectin Graft-Copolymers with PVA and Their Composites with Phosphomolybdic Acid for Drug Delivery, Toxic Metal Ion Removal, and Fuel Cell Applications

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