A review of the fabrication and properties of erbium-doped fibers for optical amplifiers

Ainslie, B.J.

doi:10.1109/50.65880

Cited by 206 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Indeed, it has already been reported in bulk glasses that the concentration of Er 3þ is not homogeneous and clusters of ions can locally form whereas elsewhere they are isolated. 17,18 In all cases, the fact that more than 80% of the Er 3þ acts as absorber is the first indispensible step of knowledge towards a clear understanding of those ions, which may allow optimizing the emitting and coupled content beyond the threshold of transparency.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Copropagating pump and probe experiments on Si-nc in SiO2 rib waveguides doped with Er: The optical role of non-emitting ions

Navarro-Urriós

Lupi

Prtljaga

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Copropagating pump and probe experiments on Si-nc in SiO2 rib waveguides doped with Er: The optical role of non-emitting ions

Navarro-Urriós

Lupi

Prtljaga

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Germanium is the primary dopant for raising the refractive index in the core of the optical fibers. [2,3] In particular, controlled doping is especially important in graded-index multimode fibers, since the bandwidth is determined by the ability to fabricate highly controlled refractive index profiles. [4] Typically, GeO 2 /SiO 2 or GeO 2 /P 2 O 5 /SiO 2 core compositions are fabricated with GeCl 4 , POCl 3 , and SiCl 4 as their precursors in MCVD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2,3] In particular, controlled doping is especially important in graded-index multimode fibers, since the bandwidth is determined by the ability to fabricate highly controlled refractive index profiles. [4] Typically, GeO 2 /SiO 2 or GeO 2 /P 2 O 5 /SiO 2 core compositions are fabricated with GeCl 4 , POCl 3 , and SiCl 4 as their precursors in MCVD. The dopant incorporation is dependent on temperature, reactant composition, gas flow rates, and the details of the formation, deposition, and consolidation of the glass aerosol particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jet‐Assisted Aerosol CVD for Multicomponent Particle Deposition

Hong

Kim

Choi

2006

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Aerosol CVD has been extensively utilized to manufacture high-quality optical fibers in which multicomponent aerosols are generated and deposited. Our earlier study proposed a jet-assisted aerosol CVD in which high-temperature internal jets were used inside a conventional silica tube reactor of a modified (M)CVD method, and showed the enhancement of deposition performance for single component SiO 2 particle deposition. In the present study, we apply this method to the deposition of multicomponent particles and demonstrate that our method of jet-assisted aerosol CVD not only significantly improves overall particle deposition efficiency, but also enhances the uniformity of composition of multicomponent SiO 2 /GeO 2 particle deposition. The existence of an optimum jet flow rate for the maximum deposition efficiency has been found. A nitrogen jet has also been used and found to produce almost the same improvement for particle deposition performance as in the case of a helium gas jet.

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“…In particular, Er3+-doped glasses are being considered for use as infrared laser materials (Gapontsev et al, 1982) and as amplifiers for optical communications (Ainslie, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%