A review of time domain reflectometry (TDR) applications in porous media

He, Hailong; Aogu, Kailin; Li, Min; Xu, Jinghui; Sheng, Weifan; Jones, Scott B.; González-Teruel, Juan D.; Robinson, David A.; Horton, Robert; Bristow, Keith L.; Dyck, Miles; Filipović, Vilim; Noborio, Kosuke; Wu, Qingbai; Jin, Huijun; Feng, Hao; Cheng, Bing; Lv, Jialong

doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2021.02.003

Cited by 68 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 260 publications

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“…This translated into higher VWC and drainage for +H than for -H, particularly during the over-winter period. The difference in soil VWC between +H and -H was in part affected by differences in dieletric permittivity between liquid and solid water, which affects time domain reflectometry VWC measurements (Jones et al, 2002;He et al, 2021), and indicated higher liquid water content for +H. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the heating regime adopted in our study did not promote colder soils during the winter, a phenomenon previously described in the literature and associated with the insulation properties of the snow pack (Brown and DeGaetano, 2011;Zhou et al, 2017;Halim and Thomas, 2018).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Winter warming effects on soil nitrate leaching under cover crops: A field study using high-frequency weighing lysimeters

Lapierre

Machado²,

Debruyn³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Leaching of nitrate (NO3−)—a reactive nitrogen form with impacts on ecosystem health—increases during the non-growing season (NGS) of agricultural soils under cold climates. Cover crops are effective at reducing NGS NO3− leaching, but this benefit may be altered with less snow cover inducing more soil freezing under warmer winters. Our objective was to quantify the effect of winter warming on NO3− leaching from cover crops for a loamy sand (LS) and a silt loam (SIL) soil. This research was conducted over 2 years in Ontario, Canada, using 18 high-precision weighing lysimeters designed to study ecosystem services from agricultural soils. Infra-red heaters were used to simulate warming in lysimeters under a wheat-corn-soybean rotation planted with a cover crop mixture with (+H) and without heating (-H). Nitrate leaching determination used NO3− concentration at 90 cm (discrete sampling) and high temporal resolution drainage volume measurements. Data were analyzed for fall, overwinter, spring-thaw, post-planting, and total period (i.e., November 1 to June 30 of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019). Warming significantly affected soil temperature and soil water content—an effect that was similar for both years. As expected, experimental units under + H presented warmer soils at 5 and 10 cm, along with higher soil water content in liquid form than –H lysimeters, which translated into higher drainage values for + H than –H, especially during the overwinter period. NO3− concentrations at 90 cm were only affected by winter heating for the LS soil. The drainage and NO3− concentrations exhibited high spatial variation, which likely reduced the sensitivity to detect significant differences. Thus, although absolute differences in NO3− leaching between LS vs. SIL and +H (LS) vs. –H (LS) were large, only a trend occurred for higher leaching in LS in 2018/2019. Our research demonstrated that soil heating can influence overwinter drainage (for LS and SIL soils) and NO3− concentration at 90 cm in the LS soil—important NO3− leaching controlling factors. However, contrary to our initial hypothesis, the heating regime adopted in our study did not promote colder soils during the winter. We suggest different heating regimes such as intermittent heating to simulate extreme weather freeze/thaw events as a future research topic.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Winter warming effects on soil nitrate leaching under cover crops: A field study using high-frequency weighing lysimeters

Lapierre

Machado²,

Debruyn³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Furthermore, water retention curves can be used to translate VWC into soil matric potential for a given soil. Water retention curves are commonly referred to as the relationship between matric potential and volumetric water content for soil with given structural and hydraulic characteristics and defines a critical soil hydraulic property especially when it comes to dynamics in soil drying and rewetting (Dane & Lenhard 2005;He et al 2021). Water retention curves can be determined in the lab for a given soil following standardized procedures (e.g.…”

Section: Soil Water Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The need to decipher plant drought stress along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum

Schweiger

Zimmermann

Poll

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Lacking comparability among rainfall manipulation studies is still a major limiting factor for generalizations in ecological climate change impact research. A common framework for studying ecological drought effects is urgently needed to foster advances in ecological understanding the effects of drought. In this synthesis, we argue, that the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, describing the flow of water from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere, can serve as a holistic concept of drought in rainfall manipulation experiments which allows for the reconciliation experimental drought ecology. Using experimental data, we show that investigations of leaf water potential in combination with edaphic and atmospheric drought – as the three main components of the soil-plant-atmosphere-continuum – are key to understand the effect of drought stress on plants. Based on a systematic literature survey, we show that especially plant and atmospheric based drought quantifications are strongly underrepresented and integrative assessments of all three components are almost absent in current experimental literature. Based on our observations we argue, that studying dynamics of plant water status in the framework of the soil-plant-atmosphere-continuum can foster comparability of different studies conducted in different ecosystems and with different plant species and can facilitate extrapolation to other systems, species or future climates.

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“…Using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) sensors is the most useful and non-destructive method used to determine the moisture content in soils and other porous means. This sensor measures the transmitted signal time from one end to the other [22,23]. However, in soils with high salt content, representativeness of the measurement can be lost, in addition to the fact that it requires a high initial investment [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Development of Pedotransfer Functions and Artificial Neural Networks to Saturation Moisture Content Estimation

Trejo-Alonso

Fuentes

Morales-Durán

et al. 2023

Water

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Modeling of irrigation and agricultural drainage requires knowledge of the soil hydraulic properties. However, uncertainty in the direct measurement of the saturation moisture content (θs) has been generated in several methodologies for its estimation, such as Pedotransfer Functions (PTFs) and Artificial Neuronal Networks (ANNs). In this work, eight different PTFs were developed for the (θs) estimation, which relate to the proportion of sand and clay, bulk density (BD) as well as the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). In addition, ANNs were developed with different combinations of input and hidden layers for the estimation of θs. The results showed R2 values from 0.9046≤R2≤0.9877 for the eight different PTFs, while with the ANNs, values of R2>0.9891 were obtained. Finally, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was obtained for each ANN configuration, with results ranging from 0.0245≤RMSE≤0.0262. It was found that with particular soil characteristic parameters (% Clay, % Silt, % Sand, BD and Ks), accurate estimate of θs is obtained. With the development of these models (PTFs and ANNs), high R2 values were obtained for 10 of the 12 textural classes.

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A review of time domain reflectometry (TDR) applications in porous media

Cited by 68 publications

References 260 publications

Winter warming effects on soil nitrate leaching under cover crops: A field study using high-frequency weighing lysimeters

Winter warming effects on soil nitrate leaching under cover crops: A field study using high-frequency weighing lysimeters

The need to decipher plant drought stress along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum

Evaluation and Development of Pedotransfer Functions and Artificial Neural Networks to Saturation Moisture Content Estimation

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