A Review of Transformer Losses

Olivares-Galván, J. C.; Georgilakis, Pavlos S.; Ocon-Valdez, Rodrigo

doi:10.1080/15325000902918990

Cited by 61 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In Practical cases, the loads are usually unbalanced and produce different harmonics. The effect of harmonics in transformers will leads to increased losses and reduces the life time [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of internal unbalancing current in distribution transformers

Micky¹,

Sujith²,

Ashok

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics, Communication and Energy Systems (SPICES)

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Transformers are basically a static device with more than 95% efficiency. The major losses in transformers are copper loss and core loss. The minor losses are frictional and windage losses. But the formation of neutral current in the distribution transformers will create minor loss that will affect the efficiency of the transformer. There are many reasons for the formation of neutral current. In this paper neutral current formation due to changes in constructional parameters is studied i.e., neutral current formed as a part of difficulty in implementing the design values practically. The difference in design values will create an unbalancing current in three limbs and causes neutral current to flow. The factors that have been considered for the study of formation of neutral current in transformers are air gap difference, improper orientation, leakage flux, impedance difference in the winding, change in excitation current in each limb. These design parameters has been analyzed for different transformers and found that a small percentage of neutral current is formed which decreases the efficiency of the transformers significantly. The loss due to unbalancing current in distribution transformer is considered as a minor loss. Unbalancing current flows in 4 wire electric distribution system due to linear load unbalances are considered yet. Index Terms-air gap, magnetic unbalancing, neutral current, stacks difference.978-1-4799-1823-2/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE

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“…In Practical cases, the loads are usually unbalanced and produce different harmonics. The effect of harmonics in transformers will leads to increased losses and reduces the life time [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of internal unbalancing current in distribution transformers

Micky¹,

Sujith²,

Ashok

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics, Communication and Energy Systems (SPICES)

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“…As the system investment and energy costs continue to increase, electric utilities are more and more interested in installing energy-efficient transformers at their distribution networks. The transformer manufacturers have developed new manufacturing techniques and new types of core materials to provide cost-effective and energy-efficient transformers to the transformer users [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental cost of distribution transformer losses

Georgilakis

2011

Applied Energy

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“…the reduction of fringing losses in gapped reactors using exclusive FE simulations. In this regard, it is worth noticing that [12] points out that only 7% of the published work in the area (about 50 assorted works) uses simultaneously experimental results and FE simulations to study power losses in electromagnetic (EM) devices. Thus, it is desirable to see more published work that presents experimental data that can be used to validate simulated results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Temperature Reduction in the Clamping Bolt Zone of Shunt Reactors: Design Enhancements

Magdaleno-Adame

Escarela‐Perez

Olivares-Galván

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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This paper presents design improvements to lower the temperature in the clamping bolt (CB), in a single-phase extrahigh-voltage (EHV) shunt reactor. Laboratory temperature measurements, under overload and nominal load conditions, were performed in the middle of the two top main air gaps inside one of the slots drilled in the CB using commercial fiber-optic temperature sensors. 3-D finite-element (FE) simulations were performed to calculate fringing losses in the CB. Subsequently, the fringing losses were employed as a heat source for static-steady thermal analysis using 3-D FE simulations. Convective heat-transfer coefficients were selected with a methodology that leads to a close match between measured and simulated temperatures. Two practical design enhancements to diminish temperatures in the CB are analyzed using measured and simulated data. These alternatives improve design and reduce potential failures and, hence, increase the EHV shunt reactor lifetime. Index Terms-Clamping bolt (CB), extra high voltage (EHV),finite element (FE), magnetic lamination packages (MLP), opticalfiber temperature sensors, shunt reactor.

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A Review of Transformer Losses

Cited by 61 publications

References 34 publications

Analysis of internal unbalancing current in distribution transformers

Analysis of internal unbalancing current in distribution transformers

Environmental cost of distribution transformer losses

Temperature Reduction in the Clamping Bolt Zone of Shunt Reactors: Design Enhancements

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