No abstract

No abstract

The integration of distributed generation (DG) units in power distribution networks has become increasingly important in recent years. The aim of the optimal DG placement (ODGP) is to provide the best locations and sizes of DGs to optimize electrical distribution network operation and planning taking into account DG capacity constraints. Several models and methods have been suggested for the solution of the ODGP problem. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art models and methods applied to the ODGP problem, analyzing and classifying current and future research trends in this field.

No abstract

This paper presents design improvements to lower the temperature in the clamping bolt (CB), in a single-phase extrahigh-voltage (EHV) shunt reactor. Laboratory temperature measurements, under overload and nominal load conditions, were performed in the middle of the two top main air gaps inside one of the slots drilled in the CB using commercial fiber-optic temperature sensors. 3-D finite-element (FE) simulations were performed to calculate fringing losses in the CB. Subsequently, the fringing losses were employed as a heat source for static-steady thermal analysis using 3-D FE simulations. Convective heat-transfer coefficients were selected with a methodology that leads to a close match between measured and simulated temperatures. Two practical design enhancements to diminish temperatures in the CB are analyzed using measured and simulated data. These alternatives improve design and reduce potential failures and, hence, increase the EHV shunt reactor lifetime. Index Terms-Clamping bolt (CB), extra high voltage (EHV),finite element (FE), magnetic lamination packages (MLP), opticalfiber temperature sensors, shunt reactor.