2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.11.008
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A review on advances in application of polyaniline for ammonia detection

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Cited by 245 publications
(135 citation statements)
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“…Conducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), are widely studied due to their ease of preparation, good level of electrical conductivity, redox and ion-exchange properties, and environmental stability [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, the understanding of the stability and the mechanism of degradation of polyaniline is of great importance for possible applications [9][10][11][12][13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), are widely studied due to their ease of preparation, good level of electrical conductivity, redox and ion-exchange properties, and environmental stability [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, the understanding of the stability and the mechanism of degradation of polyaniline is of great importance for possible applications [9][10][11][12][13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sensing mechanism is based on the reversible doping/dedoping process of PAni. During the gas‐induced doping process, polarons are transferred from the PAni backbone to the NH 3 molecule, causing the carrier mobility to decrease and a conversion of PAni from emeraldine base (EB) form to its emeraldine salt (form) . Wang et al .…”
Section: Applications In Sensorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During the gas-induced doping process, polarons are transferred from the PAni backbone to the NH 3 molecule, causing the carrier mobility to decrease and a conversion of PAni from emeraldine base (EB) form to its emeraldine salt (form). 126 Wang et al proposed a room-temperature NH 3 gas sensor based on CeO 2 @PAni hydrogel [ Fig. 10(a)].…”
Section: Gas Sensormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chemical oxidative polymerization (also known as electrochemical polymerization) in acid media is the most recommended process to increase the electrical conductivity [4,[8][9][10]. PANI can form π − π interactions; thereby, it has been combined with metal oxides and carbon-based materials (carbon nanotubes, fullerene, and graphene) to be used as electrode materials, gas sensors, or electronic nose, artificial muscles [11][12][13][14].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The used strategy was to carry out in situ polymerization of aniline monomer and add different quantities of TERGO powders (10,20, and 30 wt%), which were in turn prepared by a two-way route, Hummer's method, and one step potential (−2 V) followed by annealing process at 400°C. The morphology and structure of the PANI/TERGO composites were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%