A review on phytochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacognostical profile of Wrightia tinctoria: Adulterant of kurchi

Abstract

Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. belongs to family Apocynaceae commonly called as Sweet Indrajao, Pala Indigo Plant, Dyer's Oleander. “Jaundice curative tree” in south India. Sweet Indrajao is a small, deciduous tree with a light gray, scaly smooth bark. Native to India and Burma, Wrightia is named after a Scottish physician and botanist William Wright (1740-1827). Sweet Indrajao is called dhudi (Hindi) because of its preservative nature. The juice of the tender leaves is used efficaciously in jaundice. Crushed fresh leaves when filled in the cavity of decayed tooth relieve toothache. In Siddha system of medicine, it is used for psoriasis and other skin diseases. Oil 777 prepared out of the fresh leaves of the plant has been assigned to analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activities and to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. The plant is reported to contain presence of flavanoid, glycoflavones-iso-orientin, and phenolic acids. The various chemical constituents isolated from various parts of the plant are reported as 3,4-Seco-lup-20 (29)-en-3-oic acid, lupeol, stigmasterol and campetosterol, Indigotin, indirubin, tryptanthrin, isatin, anthranillate and rutin Triacontanol, Wrightial, cycloartenone, cycloeucalenol, β-amyrin, Alpha-Amyrin, and β-sitosterol, 14α-methylzymosterol. Four uncommon sterols, desmosterol, clerosterol, 24-methylene-25-methylcholesterol, and 24-dehydropollinastanol, were isolated and identified in addition to several more common phytosterols. The Triterpinoids components of the leaves and pods of Wrightia tinctoria also isolated. This article intends to provide an overview of the chemical constituents present in various parts of the plants and their pharmacological actions and pharmacognostical evaluation.

GC-MS Analysis of Phytocomponents in, Pet Ether Fraction of Wrightia tinctoria Seed

“…22 components were identified from pet ether fraction obtained from elution of ethanolic extract packed in silica column. Results: The prevailing compounds from fraction F6to F9 were [1,1'-Bicyclopropyl]-2-octanoic acid, 2'-hexyl-, methyl ester (21.39%) , Trilinolein (7.74%), 2-Myristynoyl pantetheine (18.07%), 9-Octadecen-12-ynoic acid, methyl ester (4.46%), 1Hexadecanol,2-methyl (3.77%), Cyclopropane tetradecanoic acid, 2-octyl-, methyl ester (2.36%), 1b, 4a-Epoxy-2H-cyclopenta [3,4] cyclopropa [8,9]cycloundec [1,2-b]oxiren-5 (6H)-one, 7-(acetyloxy) decahydro-2,9,10-trihydroxy-3,6,8,8,10a-pentamethyl (38.91%), Geranyl isovalerate (23.58%), cis-13-Octadecenoic acid (5.91%), Quassin (3.82%), cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (3.08%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid 2-phenyl-1, 3-dioxan-5-yl ester (31.50%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (14.35%), Cyclopropanebutanoic acid, 2- [ [2-[ [2-[(2-pentylcyclopropyl) methyl] cyclopropyl] methyl] cyclopropyl] methyl]-, methyl ester (10.13%), 6,9,12,15-Docosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester (3.39%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl ester, trans-( 2.73%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl ester, cis-(4.34%), Ursodeoxycholic acid (7.14%), Bufa-20,22-dienolide, 3-(acetyloxy)-14,15-epoxy-16-hydroxy-, (3á,5á,15á,16á)-(4.75%), 5H-Cyclopropa [3,4] benz [1,2-e]azulen-5-one, 9a (acetyloxy) -1,1a,1b,4,4a,7a,7b,8,9,9ade cahydro-4a,7b,9-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-,[1aR-(1aà,1bá,4aá,7aà,7bà,8à,9á,9 aà)]-(6.59%), Docosahexaenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (10.86%), 15,16,21,22, (3á,15à,16à,21á,22à)-( 4.40%) found as the major components. Conclusion: It could be concluded that, Wrightia tinctoria contains various bioactive compounds.…”

Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity Studies of Silver Nanoparticles From the Aqueous Extracts of Wrightia Tinctoria

“…The seed pod has the terpene wrightial, vcyclo eucalenol and cycloartenol. Flavonoids like tryptanthrin, rutin, isatin, indigotin and indirubin are isolated from the leaf extracts while lupeol, campesterol, stigmasterol were extracted from the stem [13]. Compounds like tryptanthrin, indigotin, anthranilate, istin, indirubin and rutin are also reported from this species.…”

Studies on antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and vasculoprotective potential of Viola odorata and Wrightia tinctoria

“…Plants have been the richest source of medicine since ancient times, playing a vital role in human health care. Viola odorata (VO) and Wrightia tinctoria (WT) are two such indigenous plants, well known in traditional medicine for treating multiple disorders (Feyzabadi, Ghorbani, Vazani, & Zarshenas, ; Srivastava, ). Viola odorata Linn., commonly called sweet violet, belongs to the family Violaceae.…”