“…Furthermore, the combination of these factors, if not adequately considered in the design, will lead to an unplanned shutdown. (Vanaei, Eslami, & Egbewande, 2017) & (Xu, Wang, Li, Wang, & Su, 2016). As mentioned earlier, there are two significant challenges arise in pipelines, which is corrosion and joining, these two significant challenges are discussed in below sections.…”