A review on the effect of laser pulse shaping on the microstructure and hot cracking behavior in the welding of alloys

Zhang, Peilei; Jia, Zhiyuan; Yu, Zhishui; Shi, Haichuan; Li, Shaowei; Wu, Di; Yan, Hua; Ye, Xin; Chen, Jieshi; Wang, Fuxin; Tian, Yingtao

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107094

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Recently, Zhang et al [28] comprehensively reviewed the effect of laser pulse shaping on the microstructure and hot cracking behavior in the welding of a large variety of alloys. Their review focuses on the usual butt welding instead of bead-on-plate welding repair.…”

Section: Hot Cracking In Bead-on-plate Weldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Cracking in Laser Welding of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D

Zhou

Aprilia

Mark

2021

Metals

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Considerable research has been carried out to study the laser welding of magnesium alloys. However, the studies are mainly devoted to butt welding, and there has been limited information in the published literature concerning the bead-on-plate laser welding of AZ91D, even though bead-on-plate welding is required for the repair of cast AZ91D parts with surface defects. In the present investigation, surface cracking of the weld metal was observed when an AZ91D magnesium alloy was bead-on-plate welded using the laser welding method. This paper presents the experimental results and analyses to show that the cracking is “solidification cracking” initiated from the weld surface under high thermal stresses. This is in contrast to the “liquation cracking” observed in heat affected zones in tungsten inert gas welding of the same magnesium alloy. Laser power was found to be one of the main factors affecting the distance of the crack propagation. The higher laser power resulted in longer crack propagation distance into the weld metal. It is demonstrated that hot cracking could be avoided by lowering the laser power and welding speed.

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Section: Hot Cracking In Bead-on-plate Weldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Cracking in Laser Welding of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D

Zhou

Aprilia

Mark

2021

Metals

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“…On one hand, the magnetic eld can improve the utilization rate of laser and increase the welding depth by controlling the plasma with high energy density. On the other hand, the magnetic eld can improve the weld formation and welding quality by changing the heat and mass transfer mechanism of molten pool metal [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the magnetic field on the melting and solidification behavior of narrow-gap laser welding with filler wire

Zhao

Zou

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The in uence of magnetic induction intensity on the plasma electron temperature distribution and the molten pool ow behavior is analyzed by high-speed imaging and spectral analysis. With the increase of the magnetic induction intensity, the plasma high temperature center region increases gradually, and the plasma electron temperature increases from the bottom of the groove to the edge of the groove. The magnetic eld has stirring effect on the molten pool. A certain magnetic eld intensity can make the molten pool more uniform and the molten pool ow more stable. Compared with the penetration depth and penetration area size of the weld with or without magnetic eld, it is found that the penetration depth and penetration area of the weld under the magnetic eld increases. A certain range of magnetic induction intensity can be coupled with other process parameters to achieve an ideal effect, and the weld is well formed.

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“…As a consequence, the properties of welded joints will be different from those obtained when using conventional technologies [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. One of the latest solutions in the field of laser welding is the dynamically developing devices for manual welding in recent years, which use a beam of laser radiation generated by sources with a power of 1kW to 2kW [ 5 , 15 , 16 ]. However, at the moment there is a lack of precise information regarding the safety of employees in the workplace equipped with this type of equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Joints Depending on the Process Used

et al. 2022

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Today, numerous design solutions require joining thin-walled sheets or profiles as the traditional methods of welding with a consumable electrode in gas shielding, most often used in production processes, do not work well. The reason for this is that a large amount of heat is supplied to the joint, causing numerous welding deformations, defects, and incompatibilities. Moreover, the visual aspect of the connections made more and more often plays an equally crucial role. Therefore, it is important to look for solutions and compare different joining processes in order to achieve production criteria. The paper compares the properties of a 1.5 mm thick steel sheet joined by the manual and robotic MAG 135 and 138 welding process, manual and robotic laser welding, CMT welding with the use of solid or flux-cored wire, and butt welding. The macro- and microstructure, as well as the microhardness distribution of individual regions of the joints, were analyzed depending on the type of joining technology used. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of individual zones of joints were investigated with the use of a digital image correlation system. On the basis of the obtained test results, it was found that the joints made by the processes of manual laser welding and butt welding were characterized by a very regular weld shape, the smallest joint width, and greater grain refinement compared to other analyzed processes. Moreover, this method was characterized by the narrowest zone of hardness increase, only 3 mm, compared to, e.g., a joint made in the process of robotic welding CMT, for which this zone was more than twice as wide. Furthermore, the heat-affected zone for the joints made in this way, in relation to the welds produced by the MAG 135/138 method, was, respectively, 2 and 2.7 times smaller.

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A review on the effect of laser pulse shaping on the microstructure and hot cracking behavior in the welding of alloys

Cited by 40 publications

References 122 publications

Mechanisms of Cracking in Laser Welding of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D

Mechanisms of Cracking in Laser Welding of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D

Influence of the magnetic field on the melting and solidification behavior of narrow-gap laser welding with filler wire

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Joints Depending on the Process Used

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