A review on trypanosomosis in dogs and cats

Abstract

Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma congolense were initially thought to be the only species of trypanosomes capable of causing diseases in dogs and cats. However, dogs and cats are challenged by diverse species of trypanosomes with varying virulence and pathogenicity. Dogs may develop clinical trypanosomosis by infection with Trypanosoma evansi but are refractory to Trypanosoma rangeli of man. Recently, a new species, Trypanosoma caninum, of unknown pathogenicity and mode of transmission has been reported in dogs. This review describes canine trypanosomosis as an entity of two types, African and American trypanosomosis. It describes the different species involved in each type of the disease condition, the emerging strains, the biological cycle, distribution, clinical symptoms, the pathology and treatment of various species of canine trypanosomes. It also describes different basic diagnostic techniques currently in use and progress towards development of vaccine.

Clinical-dermatological, histological abnormalities and prevalence of Trypanosoma caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Midwest region of Brazil

“…The present study conducted in an endemic area of T. caninum and L. infantum showed infection occurrence rates of 2% and 8% for these parasites, respectively, in agreement with previous findings Pinto et al, 2014). Infections by different protozoa of the Trypanosomatidae family in canines have been described previously (Nwoha, 2013). In this scenario, L. infantum infection has important public health implications (Madeira et al, 2006) due to the relevance of dogs as a reservoir of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis.…”

Akumulasi Fibrin dalam Anterior Chamber Pada Kucing Penderita Tripanosomiasis dan Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

“…Menurut Bowman dkk (2002), Greene (2012) dan Nwoha (2013) tripanosomiasis dapat menginfeksi kucing baik secara alami maupun eksperimental, beberapa spesies yang sering meng infeksi antara lain Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma rangeli dan Trypanosoma caninum. Tripanosoma yang ditemukan mengarah pada T. brucei maupun T. evansi , keduanya memiliki morfologi yang mirip dan sulit dibedakan.…”

Did disease constrain the spread of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) into Sub-Saharan Africa?

“…It is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma that are principally spread by various species of tsetse fly (Glossina spp. 4 Another trypanosome, T. rangeli, can infect both people and dogs, but is non-pathogenic (Nwoha 2013). Having been ingested when the vector insect bites and feeds on blood from a mammalian host, the trypanosome goes through a further part of its life cycle and then moves into the fly's salivary glands ready to begin another cycle of infection.…”

“…Immediately after a tsetse fly bites a dog a local inflammatory reaction (or chancre) occurs on the animal's skin, the size of which depends upon the dog's immune status, the virulence of the Trypanosoma species concerned and the size of the parasite dose injected (Nwoha 2013). Where T. brucei brucei is the responsible pathogen, the disease then takes an acute course, with clinical signs presenting within four to eight days after infection (Anene et al 1989).…”