The objective of research was to determine the effect of different protein levels on the carcass and meat characteristics of male Bali cattle fattened in smallholder farms. The cattle used were 18 heads aged 2 to 2.5 years with initial body weight of 229.86±12.46 kg. The experimental cattle were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups i.e., T₀, T₁, and T₂. The T₀ group cattle were fed ration according to traditional practices of fattening cattle by farmers (100% forage). The T₁ group cattle were fed ration with 12% CP and 72% TDN. The T₂ group cattle were fed ration with 15% CP and 72% TDN. The variables measured were final body weight and the characteristics of the carcass (meat, fat, and ratio of meat to bone), and meat quality including the chemical composition of the meat (protein, fat, and collagen), meat tenderness, cooking loss, water holding capacity, and degree of acidity (pH). Data were analyzed by variance analysis. Results of research showed that the final body weight, and weight of carcass, meat, and fat of T₁ and T₂ groups were similar; conversely, those parameters in T₀ group cattle were lower (P<0.05) that those in T₁ and T₂ groups cattle. The meat protein content of T₁ and T₀ groups cattle were similar; conversely, T₂ group cattle had lower (P<0.05) meat protein content compared to T₁ and T₀ groups cattle. Fat content of T₁ group of cattle was higher (P<0.05) than that of T₀ group; while moisture contents and cooking losses of T₀ group cattle were higher (P<0.05) compared to those of T 1 and T₂ groups cattle. Collagen content of meat in T₁ group cattle was higher than (P<0.05) that in T₀ group cattle, but T₂ group cattle had similar meat collagen content to T₁ and T₀ groups cattle. Meat tenderness of T₁ group cattle was higher (P<0.05) compared to those of T₀ and T₂ group cattle. It is concluded that the male Bali cattle fed ration with 12% CP and 72% TDN can increase the carcass characteristics and meat quality. This proves that the productivity of male Bali cattle can be increased when fed ration with adequate protein with a balanced energy content.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi, produktivitas dan kualitas rumput gajah kultivar Taiwan, King dan Mott yang dipanen pada umur 8 dan 13 setelah tanam. Pengaruh kultivar dan umur panen disusun dalam Rancangan Tersarang (3x2). Peubah yang diamati terdiri atas karakteristik morfologi, produksi bahan kering dan kualitas hijauan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik morfologi, rasio daun batang, kadar serat, kandungan protein kasar dan kecernaan in vitro bahan kering rumput gajah kultivar Taiwan dan King tidak berbeda, namun keduanya memiliki karakteristik morfologi, kandungan serat lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kultivar Mott, sebaliknya rasio daun batang, kandungan protein kasar dan kecernaan in vitro bahan kering kultivar Mott lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kultivar Taiwan dan King. Secara umum, terjadi peningkatan tinggi tanaman dan kadar serat pada umur 13 minggu, sedangkan kandungan protein kasar dan kecernaan in vitro bahan kering menurun. Disimpulkan bahwa produksi bahan kering tertinggi terdapat pada kultivar Taiwan dan King, sedangkan kualitas tertinggi terdapat pada kultivar Mott. Produksi bahan kering tertinggi pada umur 13 minggu, sedangkan kualitas tertinggi pada umur 8 minggu setelah tanam untuk semua kultivar diuji.Kata kunci : kualitas, kultivar, produksi, rumput gajah ABSTRACTThe research was conducted to determine the morphological characteristics, productivity and quality of Napier grass cultivars Taiwan, King and Mott harvested at 8 and 13 after planting. Effect of cultivar and harvest arranged in a nested design (3x2). The variables were observed consisting of morphological characteristics, dry matter production and forage quality. The results showed that the morphological characteristics, leaf stem ratio, fiber content, crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of Napier grass Taiwan and King cultivar were not different, but both morphological characteristics, fiber content was higher (P <0.05) compared to Mott cultivar, whereas leaf stem ratio, crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility Mott cultivar was higher (P <0.05) compared to Taiwan and King cultivars. In general, an increase in plant height and fiber content at the age of 13 weeks, whereas crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased. It was concluded that the highest dry matter production found in Taiwan and the King cultivars, whereas highest quality found in Mott cultivar. Dry matter production was highest harvested at 13 weeks, whereas the highest quality harvested at 8 weeks after planting for all cultivars tested. .

INTISARIPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh level pemberian onggok sebagai aditif terhadap kualitas silase yang dibuat dari isi rumen sapi. Terdapat tiga level perlakuan penambahan onggok, yaitu 0 (kontrol), 15, dan 30% dari berat bahan kering isi rumen sapi, dan tiga lama peram yaitu 14, 21, dan 28 hari. Setiap perlakuan dibuat lima kali sebagai ulangan. Silase dibuat menggunakan stoples plastik yang berfungsi sebagai silo. Setiap akhir pemeraman dilakukan uji kualitas meliputi warna, bau, tekstur, ada tidaknya jamur, kandungan bahan kering (BK), dan bahan organik (BO), serta pH. Data BK, BO, dan pH dianalisis variansi menggunakan Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD). Perbedaan yang nyata sebagai efek lama peram dilanjutkan uji Duncan's new Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Khusus dari hasil silase pemeraman 21 hari dilakukan analisis komposisi kimia meliputi serat kasar (SK), ekstrak eter (EE), dan protein kasar (PK). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis variansi menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola searah. Perbedaan yang nyata sebagai efek perlakuan dilanjutkan uji DMRT. Uji kualitas fisik menunjukkan warna coklat kehijauan, bau asam, tekstur kasar, dan tidak ada pertumbuhan jamur. Penambahan onggok pada level yang berbeda meningkatkan (P<0,01) nilai komposisi kimia silase isi rumen sapi, yaitu BK dan BO, sedangkan SK, EE, dan PK mengalami penurunan (P<0,01). Penambahan onggok sebagai aditif pada pembuatan silase dari isi rumen sapi cukup pada level 15% karena pada hari ke 14, pH telah turun menjadi 3,87±0,07, tetap stabil sampai hari ke 28 (3,93±0,11), didukung oleh skor Fleig yang mencapai 98,58±3,39 (sangat baik).

Maiden ewes were offered barley straw-based diets ad libitum containing very low (VLP), low (LP), medium (MP) and high (HP) levels of phosphorus (P) so that their intakes ranged from 14 to 118 mg P/kg LW.day. Dry matter intakes of ewes offered the VLP diet were 14 and 22% lower than those offered the HP diet in pregnancy and lactation, respectively. Plasma inorganic P (PIP) levels were significantly lower (<30 mg/L) in ewes offered the VLP diet in late pregnancy and throughout lactation. At the end of the experiment, the liveweight of ewes offered the VLP diet was 12% lower, rib bone P concentration 27% lower and the calcium: P ratio 37% higher than those offered the HP diet. Lamb liveweight gains of 30-70 day and tritiated water studies strongly suggest that the milk secretion was related to P intake and that most ewes were in negative balance in lactation. Using 32P as a marker, it was found that dietary P absorption was closely related to P intake. The coefficient of P absorption was low (0.52-0.56) in ewes offered the VLP diet, but high in all others (0.84-0.89). Endogenous faecal losses of P (19-45 mg/kg LW.day) were related either to P intake, or PIP and DMI. There was no difference between pregnancy and lactation in the gastrointestinal kinetics of P. Ewes offered the low P diets had similar high rates of reabsorption of P from the bones and soft tissues in both pregnancy and lactation so the lactating ewes were in more negative balance.