A Revised Computational Neuroanatomy for Motor Control

Haar, Shlomi; Donchin, Opher

doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01602

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…These replications also helped to localize the areas related with different forms of adaptation more precisely: anterior cerebellar lobules IV and V were important for force field adaptation whereas lobule VI was more important for visuomotor rotation. This differentiation could be related to distinct connectivity patterns of anterior cerebellum with the primary motor cortex and posterior cerebellum with premotor areas and posterior parietal cortex [31,32]. Thus, the anterior cerebellum receives somatosensory information that could be more critical for processes underlying force-field adaptation, whereas information transfer with the parietal cortex, which lies on the dorsal visual stream [33], could play an important role in visuomotor adaptation.…”

Section: Contribution Of Cerebellar Sub-structures To Visuomotor Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has motivated theoretical models of network interactions underlying visuomotor adaptation [43,44]. Most recently, Haar and Donchin [32] suggested a multilayer model for motor control in which parallel interactions between specific cortical areas and respective regions in basal-ganglia and cerebellum govern different aspects of proprioception and movement. The authors propose based on their recent findings [21,45], that in the context of a visuomotor adaptation task, the premotor cortex encodes the intended cursor movement (where do we want the cursor to go) and posterior parietal cortex represents the target and cursor position on the screen (where did the cursor actually go).…”

Section: Contribution Of Cortico-striato-cerebellar Network To Visuomotor Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mini-review: The Role of the Cerebellum in Visuomotor Adaptation

2021

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The incredible capability of the brain to quickly alter performance in response to ever-changing environment is rooted in the process of adaptation. The core aspect of adaptation is to fit an existing motor program to altered conditions. Adaptation to a visuomotor rotation or an external force has been well established as tools to study the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor adaptation. In this mini-review, we summarize recent findings from the field of visuomotor adaptation. We focus on the idea that the cerebellum plays a central role in the process of visuomotor adaptation and that interactions with cortical structures, in particular, the premotor cortex and the parietal cortex, may be crucial for this process. To this end, we cover a range of methodologies used in the literature that link cerebellar functions and visuomotor adaptation; behavioral studies in cerebellar lesion patients, neuroimaging and non-invasive stimulation approaches. The mini-review is organized as follows: first, we provide evidence that sensory prediction errors (SPE) in visuomotor adaptation rely on the cerebellum based on behavioral studies in cerebellar patients. Second, we summarize structural and functional imaging studies that provide insight into spatial localization as well as visuomotor adaptation dynamics in the cerebellum. Third, we discuss premotor — cerebellar interactions and how these may underlie visuomotor adaptation. And finally, we provide evidence from transcranial direct current and magnetic stimulation studies that link cerebellar activity, beyond correlational relationships, to visuomotor adaptation .

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Section: Contribution Of Cerebellar Sub-structures To Visuomotor Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contribution Of Cortico-striato-cerebellar Network To Visuomotor Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-review: The Role of the Cerebellum in Visuomotor Adaptation

2021

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“…[72][73][74] but is rarely studied in motor neuroscience and motor rehabilitation, which are usually using simplistic artificial tasks and measure movement over only one or two arm joints. This congruence between physical and EVR setting suggests that while there are clear differences between the environments in the learning and performance in the task level (as discussed above), there are strong similarities in the body level [75] which can potentially enhance transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Embodied virtual reality for the study of real-world motor learning

Haar

Sundar

Faisal

2020

Preprint

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9Background: The motor learning literature focuses on relatively simple laboratory-tasks due to 10 their highly controlled manner and the ease to apply different manipulations to induce learning and 11 adaptation. In recent work we introduced a billiards paradigm and demonstrated the feasibility of 12 real-world neuroscience using wearables for naturalistic full-body motion tracking and mobile 13 brain imaging. Here we developed an embodied virtual reality (VR) environment to our real-world 14 billiards paradigm, which allows us to control the visual feedback for this complex real-world task, 15while maintaining the sense of embodiment. 16 Methods:The setup was validated by comparing real-world ball trajectories with the embodied VR 17 trajectories, calculated by the physics engine. We then ran our real-world learning protocol in the 18 embodied VR. 10 healthy human subjects played repeated trials of the same billiard shot when they 19 held the physical cue and hit a physical ball on the table while seeing it all in VR. 20 Results:We found comparable learning trends in the embodied VR to those we previously reported 21 in the real-world task. 22Conclusions: Embodied VR can be used for learning real-world tasks in a highly controlled VR 23 environment which enables applying visual manipulations, common in laboratory-tasks and in 24 rehabilitation, to a real-world full-body task. Such a setup can be used for rehabilitation, where the 25 use of VR is gaining popularity but the transfer to the real-world is currently limited, presumably, 26 due to the lack of embodiment. The embodied VR enables to manipulate feedback and apply 27 perturbations to isolate and assess interactions between specific motor learning components 28 mechanisms, thus enabling addressing the current questions of motor-learning in real-world tasks. 29 Background 32Motor skill learning is a key feature of our development and our daily lives, from a baby 33 learning to crawl, to an adult learning crafts or sports, or undergoing rehabilitation after an injury 34 or a stroke. It is a complex process, which involves movement in many degrees of freedom (DoF) 35and multiple learning mechanisms. Yet the majority of motor learning literature focuses on simple 36 lab-based tasks with limited DoF such as force-field adaptations [e.g. 1-4], visuomotor 37 perturbations [e.g. 5-9], and sequence-learning of finger tapping or pinching tasks [e.g. 10-13]. 38Real-world neuroscience approach studies neurobehavioral processes in natural behavioral settings 39 [14][15][16][17]. We recently presented a naturalistic real-world motor learning paradigm, using wearables 40 for full body motion tracking and EEG for mobile brain imaging, while making people perform 41 actual real-world tasks, such as playing the competitive sport of pool-table billiards [18,19]. We 42 showed that motor learning is a full body process that involves multiple learning mechanisms, and 43 different subjects might prefer one over the other. 44Now we want to introduce manipulations of real-world t...

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“…[71][72][73] but is rarely studied in motor neuroscience and motor rehabilitation, which are usually using simplistic artificial tasks and measure movement over only one or two arm joints. This congruence between physical and EVR setting suggests that while there are clear differences between the environments in the learning and performance in the task level (as discussed above), there are strong similarities in the body level [74] which can potentially enhance transfer.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 94%

Embodied virtual reality for the study of real-world motor learning

2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Motor-learning literature focuses on simple laboratory-tasks due to their controlled manner and the ease to apply manipulations to induce learning and adaptation. Recently, we introduced a billiards paradigm and demonstrated the feasibility of real-world-neuroscience using wearables for naturalistic full-body motion-tracking and mobile-brain-imaging. Here we developed an embodied virtual-reality (VR) environment to our real-world billiards paradigm, which allows to control the visual feedback for this complex real-world task, while maintaining sense of embodiment. The setup was validated by comparing real-world ball trajectories with the trajectories of the virtual balls, calculated by the physics engine. We then ran our short-term motor learning protocol in the embodied VR. Subjects played billiard shots when they held the physical cue and hit a physical ball on the table while seeing it all in VR. We found comparable short-term motor learning trends in the embodied VR to those we previously reported in the physical real-world task. Embodied VR can be used for learning real-world tasks in a highly controlled environment which enables applying visual manipulations, common in laboratory-tasks and rehabilitation, to a real-world full-body task. Embodied VR enables to manipulate feedback and apply perturbations to isolate and assess interactions between specific motor-learning components, thus enabling addressing the current questions of motor-learning in real-world tasks. Such a setup can potentially be used for rehabilitation, where VR is gaining popularity but the transfer to the real-world is currently limited, presumably, due to the lack of embodiment.

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A Revised Computational Neuroanatomy for Motor Control

Cited by 36 publications

References 133 publications

Mini-review: The Role of the Cerebellum in Visuomotor Adaptation

Mini-review: The Role of the Cerebellum in Visuomotor Adaptation

Embodied virtual reality for the study of real-world motor learning

Embodied virtual reality for the study of real-world motor learning

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