A root-shoot interaction hypothesis for high productivity of field crops

Osaki, Mitsuru; Shinano, Takuro; Matsumoto, M.; Zheng, Ting; Tadano, Toshiaki

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_215

Cited by 39 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…After the MSG stage, as the growth of the sink organ became vigorous and light acquisition by lower leaves decreased due to mutual shading, the photosynthate supply from leaves to roots decreased. Therefore it is assumed that the root activity is a limiting factor for nitrogen absorption especially during maturation (Osaki et al 1995a(Osaki et al , 1996. Crops with high biological yield display a high ability Nitrogen content (mg g -1) of nitrogen absorption during maturation (Osaki et al 1991a(Osaki et al , 1995b(Osaki et al , 1996.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore it is assumed that the root activity is a limiting factor for nitrogen absorption especially during maturation (Osaki et al 1995a(Osaki et al , 1996. Crops with high biological yield display a high ability Nitrogen content (mg g -1) of nitrogen absorption during maturation (Osaki et al 1991a(Osaki et al , 1995b(Osaki et al , 1996. It is well known that the leaf nitrogen content shows a close linear relationship with the photosynthetic activity and a large part of the nitrogen in leaf tissues accumulated in chloroplasts (Stocking and Ongun 1962), where photosynthetic enzymes such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and light-harvesting complex-binding proteins, which are key enzymes of photosynthesis, are mainly present (Field and Mooney 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the maximum shoot growth (MSG) stage, however, the nitrogen uptake was regulated by the root activity (Osaki et al 1995b). In high-yielding crops, photosynthetic activity and root activity remained constant during the maturation stage (Osaki et al 1991a(Osaki et al , b, 1995b(Osaki et al , 1996. In crops with standard yield, the mineral absorption rate decreased during the maturation stage, which was ascribed to the decrease of the root activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In crops with standard yield, the mineral absorption rate decreased during the maturation stage, which was ascribed to the decrease of the root activity. Thereafter, nitrogen compounds in leaves and stems were retranslocated to harvesting organs, resulting in the decrease of the photosynthetic rate (Osaki et al 1991a(Osaki et al , b, 1995b(Osaki et al , 1996. It is, therefore, assumed that the root activity is closely related to the photosynthetic rate especially at the late growth stage.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Relationships between root activity and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in roots of field crops

Osaki

Shinano

Matsumoto

et al. 1997

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Based on the previous paper (Osaki et al. 1995, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 41, 635-647), crops were classified by root characteristics for nitrogen uptake as follows: Group I (small root dry weight (RW) and high specific absorption rate of nitrogen (SARN)): legumes, potato, and beet; group II (large RW and low SARN): cereals; and group III (large RW and high SARN): sunflower. In the roots of field crops subjected to various treatments in a field of Hokkaido University, the nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium contents in roots were relatively higher in group I than in groups II and III. Potassium content in roots was high in maize and sunflower.Phosphorus content in roots in groups I and II increased linearly with the increase of the nitrogen content, and the contents of both minerals were higher in group II than in group I. However, the phosphorus content in group III remained constant or increased slightly with the increase of the nitrogen content. Potassium content in roots in groups I and II did not change with the increase of the nitrogen content up to a value of about 20 mg g-l, then it increased slightly with the increase of the nitrogen content above a value of about 20 mg g-l, especially in group I. Potassium content in roots in group III was constant regardless of nitrogen content. Calcium and magnesium contents were not related to the nitrogen content in groups I and II, but increased with the increase of the nitrogen content in group III.SARN increased exponentially with the increase of the nitrogen content in the roots of groups I and II. In group I, the values of SARN were generally higher than in group II for a similar nitrogen content, while in group III, SARN increased linearly with the increase of nitrogen content in roots. Consequently, it appears that nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in roots is very important for the maintenance of root activity (SARN).Key Words: mineral absorption, mineral balance, root activity, root function, specific absorption rate of minerals.Since the amount of dry matter increased exponentially with the increase of the amount of plant nitrogen accumulated in cereals and root crops, and linearly in legumes, nitrogen is considered to be one of the determinant factors for the regulation of dry matter production in field crops (Osaki et al. 1992). Though nitrogen was absorbed by roots, the nitrogen 12 M. OSAKI et al. uptake was strongly regulated by shoot growth during the vegetative growth stage (Shinano et al. 1994). After the maximum shoot growth (MSG) stage, however, the nitrogen uptake was regulated by the root activity (Osaki et al. 1995b). In high-yielding crops, photosynthetic activity and root activity remained constant during the maturation stage (Osaki et al. 1991a(Osaki et al. , b, 1995b(Osaki et al. , 1996. In crops with standard yield, the mineral absorption rate decreased during the maturation stage, which was ascribed to the decrease of the root activity. Thereafter, nitrogen compounds in leaves and stems were retranslocated to harvesting organs, resulting in ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between root activity and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in roots of field crops

Osaki

Shinano

Matsumoto

et al. 1997

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…These improvements of shoot characteristics are based on an increased supply of nutrients, water, and plant hormones from the roots. This interdependent relationship has been refelTed to as the root-shoot interaction (Osaki et al 1997). Therefore, improvement of the root-shoot interaction may result in the activation of root functions and increase in biomass productivity.…”

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Root-shoot interaction as a limiting factor of biomass productivity in new tropical rice lines

Samejima

Kondo

Ito

et al. 2004

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Agronomic and physiological performance of an indica–japonica rice variety with a high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency

et al. 2020

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Hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties usually need more N application to produce a higher grain yield and exhibit lower N use efficiency (NUE) than inbreds. However, little information is available about the mechanism underlying an indica-japonica rice variety with high yield and high NUE under low N rates. This study investigated this issue. The indica-japonica hybrid rice variety Yongyou 2640 (Y-2640) and the japonica inbred rice variety Lianjing 7 (L-7) were grown in a paddy field at N rates of 0 and 200 kg N ha −1 . The results showed that the grain yield and internal NUE (grain yield/total N uptake of plants) of Y-2640 were 16-23% and 9-10%, respectively, higher than those of L-7. A higher grain yield for Y-2640 was mainly attributed to the greater spikelet number per unit area that resulted from greater root oxidation activity at panicle initiation and its higher crop growth rate and net assimilation rate before heading. A higher leaf area index and greater root length, root, and shoot biomass were the important agronomic traits of Y-2640. Higher cytokinin content and the expression of genes involved in the amino acid transporters OsAAP1 and OsLHT1 in the roots and leaves, a higher photosynthetic NUE, and a greater N harvest index were the main physiological traits of Y-2640. The results suggest that improved agronomic and physiological performance accounts for the high yield and high NUE for the indica-japonica hybrid rice variety.Abbreviations: AE N , agronomic nitrogen use efficiency; CGR, crop growth rate; CTK, cytokinin; HI N , nitrogen harvest index; IE N , internal nitrogen use efficiency; IJHR, indica-japonica hybrid rice; JIR, japonica inbred rice; L-7, Lianjing 7; LAD, leaf area duration; NAR, net assimilation rate; NUE, nitrogen use efficiency; PNUE, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency; RE N , apparent recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer; ROA, root oxidation activity; Y-2640, Yongyou 2640; Z+ZR, zeatin + zeatin riboside.

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A root-shoot interaction hypothesis for high productivity of field crops

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

Relationships between root activity and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in roots of field crops

Relationships between root activity and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in roots of field crops

Root-shoot interaction as a limiting factor of biomass productivity in new tropical rice lines

Agronomic and physiological performance of an indica–japonica rice variety with a high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency

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