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Nowadays, voluminous and unstructured textual data is found on the Internet that could provide varied valuable information for different institutions such as health care, business-related, training, religion, culture, and history, among others. A such alarming growth of unstructured data fosters the need for various methods and techniques to extract valuable information from unstructured data. However, exploring helpful information to satisfy the needs of the stakeholders becomes a problem due to information overload via the internet. This paper, therefore, presents an effective model for extracting named entities from Ge'ez text using deep learning algorithms. A data set with a total of 5,270 sentences were used for training and testing purposes. Two experimental setups, i.e., long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) were used to make an empirical evaluation with training and a testing split ratio of 80% to 20%, respectively. Experimental results showed that the proposed model could be a practical solution for building information extraction (IE) systems using Bi-LSTM, reaching a training, validation, and testing accuracy as high as 98.59%, 97.96%, and 96.21%, respectively. 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Nowadays, voluminous and unstructured textual data is found on the Internet that could provide varied valuable information for different institutions such as health care, business-related, training, religion, culture, and history, among others. A such alarming growth of unstructured data fosters the need for various methods and techniques to extract valuable information from unstructured data. However, exploring helpful information to satisfy the needs of the stakeholders becomes a problem due to information overload via the internet. This paper, therefore, presents an effective model for extracting named entities from Ge'ez text using deep learning algorithms. A data set with a total of 5,270 sentences were used for training and testing purposes. Two experimental setups, i.e., long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) were used to make an empirical evaluation with training and a testing split ratio of 80% to 20%, respectively. Experimental results showed that the proposed model could be a practical solution for building information extraction (IE) systems using Bi-LSTM, reaching a training, validation, and testing accuracy as high as 98.59%, 97.96%, and 96.21%, respectively. The performance evaluation results reflect a promising performance of the model compared with resource-rich languages such as English.<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Version>16.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DoNotShowComments/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>MS</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>JA</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> 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Proses information extraction dapat dilakukan pada beberapa macam media, seperti artikel berita, tanya jawab dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk melakukan information extraction pada media soal ujian yang dilengkapi dengan jawaban. Pendekatan pengolahan informasi yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah information extraction berbasis rule. Informasi yang hendak digali adalah informasi data soal ujian beserta jawabannya. Inputan dalam penelitian ini pasangan file soal dan jawaban milik Cambridge. Ada beberapa mata pelajaran yang digunakan, yaitu Biologi, Matematika dan Ekonomi. Jenis soal yang digunakan juga ada beberapa macam, yaitu pilihan ganda dan esai. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan bisa menjadi media pembelajaran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan sebanyak 100 pasang data soal dan ujian. Sistem akan menerima 2 inputan file dengan format PDF. Kedua file ini merupakan pasangan soal dan jawaban. Proses yang diakukan adalah file akan dirubah menjadi 2, yaitu file HTML dan file PNG. File HTML mengandung semua teks soal dan file PNG mengandung semua gambar dari soal. Sistem akan mengambil teks dan gambar dari masing-masing soal dan jawaban berdasrkan rule yang sudah ditentukan. Penentuan rule dilakukan secara manual dengan mempelajari pola-pola data yang tedapat dalam tag HTML. Setelah proses ekstraksi, soal dan jawaban ini dipasangkan sesuai dengan nomor urutnya masing-masing. Pasangan soal dan jawaban ini kemudian akan disimpan ke dalam database. Dari hasil penelitian, tingkat akurasi yang didapatkan adalah sekitar 46%. Kendala utama yang dihadapi adalah format soal dan jawaban yang tidak strandar sehingga menimbulkan kesulitan dalam proses ekstraksi informasi.
This study proposes a new approach in the sentence tokenization process. Sentence tokenization, which is known so far, is the process of breaking sentences based on spaces as separators. Space-based sentence tokenization only generates single word tokens. In sentences consisting of five words, tokenization will produce five tokens, one word each. Each word is a token. This process ignores the loss of the original meaning of the separated words. Our proposed tokenization framework can generate one-word tokens and multi-word tokens at the same time. The process is carried out by extracting the sentence structure to obtain sentence elements. Each sentence element is a token. There are five sentence elements that is Subject, Predicate, Object, Complement and Adverbs. We extract sentence structures using deep learning methods, where models are built by training the datasets that have been prepared before. The training results are quite good with an F1 score of 0.7 and it is still possible to improve. Sentence similarity is the topic for measuring the performance of one-word tokens compared to multi-word tokens. In this case the multiword token has better accuracy. This framework was created using the Indonesian language but can also use other languages with dataset adjustments.
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