A Salt Stimulus-Responsive Nanohydrogel for Controlled Fishing Low-Density Lipoprotein with Superior Adsorption Capacity

Abstract

A salt-responsive nanoplatform is constructed through a simple tactic by tethering zwitterionic nanohydrogels (NGs) on a carboxylated silica (SiO 2 -COOH) framework. Chondroitin sulfate (CS), with a specific recognition effect for low-density lipoprotein (LDL), is modified to NGs by amidation reaction. Water retention and swelling properties of NGs are greatly enhanced in a saline environment attributed to the antipolyelectrolyte effect. It endows the SiO 2 -NGs-CS framework a sensitive salt-responsive property, and thus, more CS moieties are exposed. The controlled adsorption of LDL with an adsorption efficiency of 7.2 to 93% is achieved by adjusting the concentration of MgCl 2 from 0 to 0.1 mol L −1 . SiO 2 -NGs-CS exhibits excellent adsorption capacity for fishing LDL, acquiring the highest adsorption capacity of 898.1 mg g −1 . Moreover, SiO 2 -NGs-CS shows superior selectivity to the other three proteins with similar isoelectric points (pIs) to LDL. The captured LDL is readily stripped by 0.2% (m/m) SDS with a recovery of 95.4%. The superior separation performance of SiO 2 -NGs-CS is demonstrated by the isolation and selective discrimination of LDL from the simulated serum of hypercholesterolemia patients, as illustrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assays.

Photorenewable Azobenzene Polymer Brush-Modified Nanoadsorbent for Selective Adsorption of LDL in Serum

“…The results showed that under the combined effect of light and antistatic, we have achieved complete recovery and regeneration of the adsorbent, and the process is highly repeatable (Figure a), which still has a recovery rate of 97.9% after repeated use for five times (based on the ratio of the per adsorbed amount of LDL to the first adsorbed amount) (Figure b). In the recovery process, the intrinsic photoresponsive characteristic of SiO 2 @Azo@Gly was used to break the hydrophobic interaction between the adsorbate and adsorbent, and the antistatic solvent (NaCl) washing was applied to break the electrostatic interaction , between the adsorbate and adsorbent so as to finally realized the green regeneration. However, the complete regeneration of adsorbents could not be realized using light or antistatic adsorbent alone.…”

Nanohydrogels: Advanced Polymeric Nanomaterials in the Era of Nanotechnology for Robust Functionalization and Cumulative Applications

“…Chondroitin sulfate mediated salt responsive platform fabricated via two step amidation reaction. The working mechanism involves an anti-polyelectrolyte effect of zwitterionic nanohydrogels combined with the recognition that chondroitin sulfate increases the adsorption efficiency that results in selectively fishing for low density lipoprotein (LDL) [59]. (Reprinted with permission from ref.…”

Simultaneous Rosiglitazone Release and Low-Density Lipoprotein Removal by Chondroitin Sodium Sulfate/Cyclodextrin/Poly(acrylic acid) Composite Adsorbents for Atherosclerosis Therapy

“…18−21 hydrophobic sites for binding cholesterol on LDL and negatively charged sites for binding positively charged Apo B-100 of LDL. 22 Wang et al 23 synthesized pollen-derived nanoparticles to achieve efficient LDL removal, while Cao et al 18 developed salt-responsive LDL adsorbent microspheres using amphiphilic ionized nanohydrogels. In our previous studies, we successfully prepared two efficient LDL adsorption microspheres through the emulsion templating method and precipitation droplet in situ cross-linking (PDIC).…”