A silicon die as a frequency source

A scaled thermal-diffusivity-based frequency reference in 0.16μm CMOS

“…9, the jitter performance of the frequency reference is compared with that of [3], showing more than 7x reduction in the cycle-to-cycle jitter. Table I summarizes the performance of the TD frequency reference in comparison to other all-CMOS oscillators [1][2][3], showing that CMOS scaling improves its performance without affecting its inaccuracy. The scaled TD frequency reference is more accurate than state-ofthe-art RC oscillators and dissipates less power than an LC oscillator.…”

“…These have resulted in various all-CMOS LC and RC oscillators [1][2]. Recently, frequency references based on the well-defined thermal diffusivity of IC-grade silicon have been proposed [3].…”

Temperature- and Supply Voltage-Independent Time References for Wireless Sensor Networks

“…The best reported temperature dependencies of these products are <50 ppm over a −20 to 70 • C temperature span [176]. To obtain these accuracies, they make use of an active as well as a passive temperature compensation scheme, previously demonstrated in [175,177] respectively. Although the current consumption was reduced with a factor of 7 with the introduction of the passive compensation scheme, both schemes separately result in a temperature dependency of around 300 ppm over a 0-70 • C temperature span.…”

“…Both parameters contribute to the possible burst length.b Shows the temperature sensitivity in combination with the supply voltage sensitivity. Important to note are the highlyaccurate LC oscillators in the south-west corner, which have a high power consumption and need to be trimmed (the markers correspond to[3,175,177,178,234]). c Shows the noise as a function of the oscillator output frequency.…”

A low power low supply sensitivity current-mode relaxation oscillator

“…LC oscillators [4] provide good frequency stability but consume a large power, which are not suitable for low power low frequency applications. Ring oscillators [5] are considerably accurate, but consume several hundred microwatts.…”