A Simple and Efficient Process for Large Scale Glycerol Oligomerization by Microwave Irradiation

Nguyen, Rémi; Galy, Nicolas; Singh, Abhishek Kumar; Paulus, Florian; Stöbener, Daniel David; Schlesener, Cathleen; Sharma, Sunil; Haag, Rainer; Len, Christophe

doi:10.3390/catal7040123

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is expected the global surge in biodiesel production lead to production of >41.9 billion liter of crude glycerol by 2020 (Nanda et al, 2014a ). Fabrication of low cost glycerol is important since it can be transformed to many value-added chemicals (more than 2,000 products) in various reaction pathways (Nanda et al, 2017 ; Nguyen et al, 2017 ; Tangestanifard and Ghaziaskar, 2017 ). Traditionally, glycerol was produced from the production of fatty acids (47%), followed by soaps (24%), fatty alcohols (12%), and the biodiesel industry (9%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Catalytic Acetalization of Bio-renewable Glycerol to Fuel Additives

et al. 2018

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The last 20 years have seen an unprecedented breakthrough in the biodiesel industry worldwide leads to abundance of glycerol. Therefore, the economic utilization of glycerol to various value-added chemicals is vital for the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. One of the promising processes is acetalization of glycerol to acetals and ketals for applications as fuel additives. These products could be obtained by acid-catalyzed reaction of glycerol with aldehydes and ketones. Application of different supported heterogeneous catalysts such as zeolites, heteropoly acids, metal-based and acid-exchange resins have been evaluated comprehensively in this field. In this review, the glycerol acetalization has been reported, focusing on innovative and potential technologies for sustainable production of solketal. In addition, the impacts of various parameters such as application of different reactants, reaction temperature, water removal, utilization of crude-glycerol on catalytic activity in both batch and continuous processes are discussed. The outcomes of this research will therefore significantly improve the technology required in tomorrow's bio-refineries. This review provides spectacular opportunities for us to use such renewables and will consequently benefit the industry, environment and economy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Catalytic Acetalization of Bio-renewable Glycerol to Fuel Additives

et al. 2018

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“…The reaction products were then analyzed by ESI(-)MS mass spectrometry to investigate their molecular weights and structures. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry already become an alternative approach in monitoring the products of glycerol oligomerization, especially to detect a number of specific properties [11,12]. The ESI-MS spectra of the obtained products were analyzed to show that the compositions of individual mixtures were dependent on the concentration of the catalyst used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formation of Glycerol Oligomers with Two New Types of End Groups in the Presence of a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst

et al. 2019

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The purpose of this work was to synthesize and characterize oligoglycerols with the chains of more than four repeating units. Those oligoglycerols may have some interesting applications, among others, as polyoxyalkylation starters. The glycerol oligomerization process was carried out during 12 h, at 230 °C, under the pressure of 0.4 bar, with the use of sodium carbonate as a homogeneous basic catalyst; various concentrations of the catalyst in the reaction medium were used. The reaction products were analyzed with the use of direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Based on the analytical findings, the compositions of the obtained product mixtures and the structures of oligoglycerols present in individual fractions were determined. The effect of catalyst concentration on the composition of the post-reaction mixture was observed. Moreover, in addition to the conventional linear oligomers (α,α-oligoglycerols), two new types of the oligomers were for the first time detected in the post-reaction mixture: one with two hydroxyl groups and the other with a carboxylate group at the α-carbon atom.

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“…Therefore, new processes to convert this alcohol into added-value chemicals have been increasingly explored [6][7][8][9]. of glycerol and the esterification with fatty acids in the presence of homogenous or heterogenous catalyst [57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low molecular weight glycerol oligomers (PGs) and polyglycerol esters (PGEs) have found applications in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries as new products for surfactants, lubricants, cosmetics, and food additives [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. PGs and PGEs are normally obtained from the high temperature etherification of glycerol and the esterification with fatty acids in the presence of homogenous or heterogenous catalyst [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the New 3-((2,3-Diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl Diacetate Using Immobilized Lipase B from Candida antarctica and Pyridinium Chlorochromate as an Oxidizing Agent

Plata

Ruiz

et al. 2020

IJMS

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To exploit the hydrolytic activity and high selectivity of immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica on octyl agarose (CALB-OC) in the hydrolysis of triacetin and also to produce new value-added compounds from glycerol, this work describes a chemoenzymatic methodology for the synthesis of the new dimeric glycerol ester 3-((2,3-diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl diacetate. According to this approach, triacetin was regioselectively hydrolyzed to 1,2-diacetin with CALB-OC. The diglyceride product was subsequently oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) and a dimeric ester was isolated as the only product. It was found that the medium acidity during the PCC treatment and a high 1,2-diacetin concentration favored the formation of the ester. The synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, MS, HR-MS, and NMR techniques. The obtained dimeric ester was evaluated at 100 ppm against seven bacterial strains and two Candida species to identify its antimicrobial activity. The compound has no inhibitory activity against the bacterial strains used but decreased C. albicans and C. parapsilosis growth by 49% and 68%, respectively. Hemolytic activity was evaluated, and the results obtained support the use of the dimeric ester to control C. albicans and C. parapsilosis growth in non-intravenous applications because the compound shows hemolytic activity.

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A Simple and Efficient Process for Large Scale Glycerol Oligomerization by Microwave Irradiation

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

A Review on the Catalytic Acetalization of Bio-renewable Glycerol to Fuel Additives

A Review on the Catalytic Acetalization of Bio-renewable Glycerol to Fuel Additives

The Formation of Glycerol Oligomers with Two New Types of End Groups in the Presence of a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the New 3-((2,3-Diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl Diacetate Using Immobilized Lipase B from Candida antarctica and Pyridinium Chlorochromate as an Oxidizing Agent

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