A simple apparatus for determining the density of solids

Abstract

A gas volumenometer for solid material is described. Using helium as a pressure medium an accuracy of about 1% or better is achieved for sample volumes of 0.2-0.3 cm 3 . The relative standard deviations range from 0.2 to 0.3%. A novel feature of the method is that a set of pressure and volume readings are collected and used in Boyle's law in the form p 0 /p = 1 + V /V 0 . Plotting these data gives a straight line whose slope is used to calculate V 0 . A standard volume is used for calibration of the apparatus. Sources of experimental error are discussed, and an error analysis of the obtained sample volume is performed. Air, argon, and helium have been used and are compared as pressure media. Mass and volume measurements have been obtained for six substances, and their observed densities are compared with x-ray densities taken from the literature.

Advanced electron microscopy characterization for pore structure of mesoporous materials; a study of FDU-16 and FDU-18

“…The carbon wall density was measured by a Micromeritics AccuPyc 1330 pycnometer using helium gas. 18 A JEOL JSM-7401F was used for the HRSEM imaging. For imaging of the free powder, the samples were mounted on a brass stub with carbon paste.…”

Optimum Design of Gas Pycnometers for Determining the Volume of Solid Particles

“…There are three kinds of gas pycnometers reported in literature: "constant-volume" (e.g., [4]), "variablevolume" (e.g., [5]) and "comparative" (e.g., [6]).…”

“…In the past, mercury was used as the volume and pressure regulating medium [1]. However, the use of mercury has become superfluous [5]. We therefore consider a variablevolume gas pycnometer (figure 2) that is composed of a sample chamber with a screw cap, a twoposition piston chamber and an absolute pressure transducer.…”

“…The calibration of a gas pycometer is theoretically very simple: it requires at least two tests performed: one with the empty sample-chamber and the other one with a known-volume object put into the sample chamber. Aluminum cylinders or pieces of quartz can be used as known-volume objects [4][5][6]. The equation of the variable-volume pycnometer is…”

Non-chemical on-farm hermetic maize storage in East Africa

“…Gas pycnometry (Yamagishi and Takahashi 1992;Cook et al, 1999) is a laboratory procedure used in measuring the volume of solids (maize) within a container (hermetic storage) through the employment of some method of gas displacement. It is based on Boyle-Mariotte's law of volume-pressure relationships, and can be done in less than 20 minutes (Kummer and Cooper 1945;McIntyre et al 1965;Bielders et al, 1990;Marinder 1996). It can also be automated (Huang et al, 1995;ISO, 1999).…”