A Simple, Effective Viscosity Formulation for Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in Compact Heat Exchangers

Turbulence modeling for the two-phase flow and heat transfer in condensers

“…In most of the earlier researches, the effect of turbulence was neglected [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Later, a constant viscosity ratio or a simple algebraic equation was used to account for the turbulence [22][23][24]. Gomez et al [25] used a length scale (proportional to the clearance between the tubes) and a velocity fluctuation to calculate the effective viscosity.…”