A simple method for creating a robust optical vortex beam with a single cylinder lens

Nam, Hannarae Annie; Cohen, Martin; Noé, J.W.

doi:10.1088/2040-8978/13/6/064026

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We experimentally confirm that the HG m,0 modes with the order m between 0-9 can be fairly sustained from lasing threshold up to the pump power of 3.75 W at which the average output powers are generally higher than 0.9 W. We also find that the HG m,m modes with the order m between 1-10 can be practically maintained from lasing threshold up to the pump power of 5.0 W at which the average output powers are overall greater than 0.7 W. The overall performances for high-order HG m,n modes with m ≠ n are found to be between the results of HG m,0 and HG m,m . Furthermore, the lasing high-order HG modes are converted by single cylindrical lens AMC [28,29] to generate a variety of the structured lights. Theoretical analyses are performed in detail to compare with experimental results.…”

Section: Laser Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating high-peak-power structured lights in selectively pumped passivelyQ-switched lasers with astigmatic mode transformations

et al. 2017

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Various high-order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes with high repetition rates and high peak powers are systematically generated by designing the cavity configuration to satisfy the criterion of the passive Q-switching. For the HG m,0 modes with the order m = 1-9, the pulse repetition rate can exceed 100 kHz with peak power higher than 0.3 kW. For the HG m,m modes with the order m = 1-10, the pulse repetition rate can be up to 37 kHz with peak power higher than 0.35 kW. Furthermore, the high-order HG beams is transformed by using an astigmatic mode converter to generate various structured lights with optical vortices. Experimental patterns of the transformed high-order HG beams in the propagation are theoretically analyzed and the phase structures are numerically manifested.

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Section: Laser Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating high-peak-power structured lights in selectively pumped passivelyQ-switched lasers with astigmatic mode transformations

et al. 2017

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“…Astigmatic (anisotropic) HG beams have been studied extensively [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], however none of the works has proposed an explicit form of the complex amplitude of the three aHGs studied herein. Let us briefly review these works.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the authors in [26] did derive a relationship to link amplitudes prior and after rotating the Cartesian coordinates by the angle α through the Wigner coefficients (see equation ( 13)), they failed to derive an explicit relationship for the complex amplitude for the Fresnel diffraction of an elliptic HG beam behind a cylindrical lens tilted at 45°. In [27], HG-to-LG beam conversion was implemented with a single cylindrical lens by numerical simulation, but no formulae were derived. In [28], general relations (equations ( 17) and (21)) for elliptic HG beams in an arbitrary ABCD system were proposed, but the relations did not contain the longitudinal coordinate, making them unable to describe the propagation of elliptic HG beams with astigmatism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three different types of astigmatic Hermite-Gaussian beams with orbital angular momentum

Kotlyar

Kovalev

Porfirev

et al. 2019

J. Opt.

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In this work, we study three different types of astigmatic (anisotropic) Hermite-Gaussian (aHG) beams whose complex amplitude in the Fresnel diffraction zone is described by the complex argument of a Hermite polynomial of degree (n, 0). The first-type beam is a circularly symmetric optical vortex with topological charge n that has passed through a cylindrical lens. The outgoing optical vortex ‘splits’ into n first-order optical vortices, carrying an orbital angular momentum (OAM) per photon of n. The second-type beam is a Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beam of order (n, 0) generated by passing an elliptic HG beam through a cylindrical lens, which acts by imprinting an OAM into the original HG beam. The OAM of such a beam is a sum of vortex and astigmatic components and can reach large values (tens and hundreds of thousands per photon). We derive an exact formula to describe the OAM of these aHG beams. Under certain conditions, the zero intensity lines of the aHG beam ‘merge’ into an n-fold degenerate intensity null on the optical axis, with the OAM of the beam becoming equal to n. The third type is an elliptical optical vortex with topological charge n that has passed through a cylindrical lens. With a special choice of the ellipticity degree (1:3), the beam retains its structure upon propagation, with the on-axis degenerate intensity null not ‘splitting’ into n optical vortices. The beam is shown to carry a fractional OAM not equal to n. Using intensity distributions of the aHG beam in the foci of two cylindrical lenses, we measure a normalized OAM of the elliptic aHG beam, with the deviation from a theoretical estimate being as low as 7% (experimental OAM-13.62 and theoretical OAM-14.76).

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“…The degenerate condition requires the ratio of transverse mode spacing to longitudinal mode spacing being a rational number P/Q. The generated GMs can be further converted to circular GMs with large orbital angular momentum and a particular optical vortex structure by using an astigmatic cylindrical lens [12][13][14] as shown in figure 1(a) for (P,Q) = (1,4). Figures 1(b)-(c) illustrate the calculated wave pattern and the vortex structure of the circular GM based on the theory in the [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and theoretical explorations for optimizing high-power geometric modes in diode-pumped solid-state lasers

Hsieh¹,

Lai²,

Tsou

et al. 2018

Laser Phys. Lett.

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The variation of transverse patterns on the cavity length is experimentally explored by using an off-axis pumped Nd:YVO4 laser to identify the range of the length for generating geometric modes (GMs). Using the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation, it is theoretically confirmed that the stable range of the cavity length for generating GMs can be significantly enlarged by decreasing the output reflectance. Furthermore, experimental results reveal that the cavity length for scaling up the output power of GMs must be shortened due to the thermal lensing effect in the gain medium. Considering the balance between the output efficiency and the stable range of the cavity length, the optimal output reflectance is verified to be approximately 80%. With the optimal output reflectance, the average output power of GMs can be up to 6.33 W at a pump power of 12 W.

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A simple method for creating a robust optical vortex beam with a single cylinder lens

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Generating high-peak-power structured lights in selectively pumped passivelyQ-switched lasers with astigmatic mode transformations

Generating high-peak-power structured lights in selectively pumped passivelyQ-switched lasers with astigmatic mode transformations

Three different types of astigmatic Hermite-Gaussian beams with orbital angular momentum

Experimental and theoretical explorations for optimizing high-power geometric modes in diode-pumped solid-state lasers

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