“…Conductive nanomaterials including conducting polymers, nanostructured metal composite, and carbon nanomaterials have been studied because of their unique properties. − One-dimensional (1D) conductive nanomaterials have been shown to be particularly effective transducers due to their simple structure and fast directional charge transport characteristics. − Among the 1D materials, carbon nanomaterials are important for electrochemical and biological applications since their surface can be easily modified using a variety of covalent or π-stacking methods. , Especially, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can be obtained via a simple electrospinning method, which has advantages relatively in terms of efficiency, cost, yield, and reproducibility. Electrospun CNFs are particularly attractive for sensing applications because their electrochemical properties and structures can be easily controlled by varying the process conditions, including temperature, spinning solution component, precursor composition, etc. − However, there remain some challenges such as the production of multidimensional nanofibers requires the optimization of a stable process for electrochemical and structural benefits.…”