A Single Inductor Multi-Port Power Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications

Abstract

This research presents a non-isolated multi-port power converter feasible to hybridize energy alternatives in electric vehicles. Due to the hybridization of the various input sources, there are several advantages in load power distribution in the system. Flexible control of discharging as well as the charging process concerning the energy sources can be achieved. The developed converter can able to boost the voltage levels with dual inputs such as a renewable solar PV and the other input as a battery and provides dual outputs with various voltage levels, which can able to suit the converter fed for several loads like motor drive and the low-rated loads like lighting and other auxiliary supplies in electric vehicles. Also, as the various voltages appear at the output, this converter can be interfaced with multilevel inverters fed electric vehicle drivetrain. The utilization of multilevel inverters reduces the total harmonic distortion and torque ripples in motor drives in electric vehicles. The proposed converter consists of less number of components making the circuit simple and cost-effective. With one inductor, two various modes are obtained for charging and discharging states concerning the energy storage units. A state-space analysis is designed for all the converter operating modes along with its control design. The proposed multi-port DC-DC converter is designed in MATLAB/Simulink and tested in a laboratory environment with a hardware setup.INDEX TERMS Multi-port DC-DC converters, hybrid energy storage system, state-space modeling, electric vehicles.

Five-Port Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Interfacing a Hybrid Photovoltaic–Fuel Cell–Battery System with Bipolar DC Microgrids

“…It can be clearly seen that the FPIBC has the advantage of a bidirectional power flow at the battery port, although the MPCs presented in [6,33,34,44,45] only have a unidirectional power flow between their ports. In addition, the topologies suggested in [2,6,21,32,33,44,46,47] are less reliable because they do not provide isolation. On the other hand, the proposed topology has a bipolar output voltage opportunity, whereas the topologies in [16,[18][19][20][21][45][46][47][48][49] have a single output voltage and are not appropriate for BPDCMG applications.…”

“…In addition, the topologies suggested in [2,6,21,32,33,44,46,47] are less reliable because they do not provide isolation. On the other hand, the proposed topology has a bipolar output voltage opportunity, whereas the topologies in [16,[18][19][20][21][45][46][47][48][49] have a single output voltage and are not appropriate for BPDCMG applications. The isolated bidirectional three-port converter introduced in [25] has a bipolar output voltage, but its efficiency is low.…”

“…[20], a four-port converter with six active switches has been designed, inspired by a TPC including two interleaved buck-boost converters. A four-port converter consisting of fewer components is presented in [21] for electric vehicle applications. Vettuparambil et al suggested isolated four-port [22] and five-port [23] converters based on split dc-link active bridges to interface different PV modules and a battery with a 380 V DCMG.…”

A Review of Multilevel Inverter Topologies for Grid-Connected Sustainable Solar Photovoltaic Systems

“…Due to the output voltage variations of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar PVs, this stage must operate at peak efficiency. Hence, it is imperative that the DC-DC converters in the front-end stages exhibit responsive behavior towards such fluctuations in order to operate at their optimal efficiency [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97]. In small-scale industrial or utility applications, these inverters are frequently employed because of their elevated voltage stress, poor efficiency, elevated operating temperature, and increased pressure capabilities.…”

Optimal Planning of Energy Storage in Distribution Feeders Considering Economy and Reliability

“…To determine the optimized size, a firefly optimization algorithm is used as an efficient metaheuristic approach. [ 25 ] The above studies have focused solely on analysis from a reliability perspective, providing insight into the optimal configuration of energy storage. However, it is important not to overlook the trade‐off between economic considerations and reliability.…”