A single-shot imaging magnetometer using cold atoms

Terraciano, Matthew L.; Bashkansky, Mark; Fatemi, Fredrik K.

doi:10.1364/oe.16.013062

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Magnetic field sensing with cold atoms utilizing Larmor precession of alkali atoms in a magnetic field has been discussed in: MOT [10], Bose-Einstein condensate [11,12] and an optical dipole trap [13]. Our measurements apply a different principle: rather than measuring Larmor frequency (single atom quantity), we measure rotation of a polarization plane (a cumulative effect over the whole sample), which may offer higher accuracy in very low magnetic fields.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Faraday rotation and detection of superposition states in cold atoms

et al. 2010

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We report on the first observation of nonlinear Faraday rotation with cold atoms at a temperature of ∼100 µK. The observed nonlinear rotation of the light polarization plane is up to 0.1 rad over the 1 mm size atomic cloud in approximately 10 mG magnetic field. The nonlinearity of rotation results from long-lived coherence of ground-state Zeeman sublevels created by a near-resonant light. The method allows for creation, detection and control of atomic superposition states. It also allows applications for precision magnetometry with high spatial and temporal resolution. PACS numbers: 33.57.+c, 42.50.Dv, 42.50.Gy, 32.80.Xx The linear Faraday rotation (LFR) of the polarization plane of light propagating in the medium is a well known consequence of optical anisotropy caused by a longitudinal magnetic field. For thermal gases the Doppler effect broadens the range of the magnetic fields where the effect is visible and reduces the size of the maximum rotation relative to atoms at rest. The use of cold atoms with their Doppler width narrower than the natural linewidth distinguishes this situation from experiments at room temperature. The experiments on LFR with cold atoms were performed in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) [1][2][3], and in an optical dipole trap [4].Application of strong, near-resonant laser light may result in the creation of coherent superpositions of Zeeman sublevels of an atomic ground state. Such superpositions (Zeeman coherences) are known to be responsible for a variety of coherent phenomena in lightmatter interaction, like coherent population trapping [5], electromagnetically-induced transparency [6], nonlinear magneto-optical rotation or nonlinear Faraday rotation (NFR) [7] and their interplay [8]. Superposition states are also at the heart of quantum-state engineering (QSE). Most of QSE experiments require initial states of well defined atomic spin (or total angular momentum F ), usually prepared in a stretched state, which is realized by putting most of (ideally all) atomic population into a Zeeman sublevel with extreme value of magnetic quantum number m [9]. Below we report how superpositions of specific Zeeman sublevels, or Zeeman coherences belonging to a given F are created in cold (∼100 µK) atomic samples and observed with high sensitivity using nonlinear Faraday rotation. In the experiment laser light both creates and detects the Zeeman coherences. The same detection technique can be applied to detect the presence of Zeeman coherences already introduced with other mechanisms. Furthermore, the time-dependent detection provides information on the temporal evolution of the superposition states.The described experiment shows the potential of NFR with cold atoms for precision magnetometry with prospective µG sensitivity, large dynamic range (zerofield to several G), and sub-mm spatial resolution in magnetic field mapping. Magnetic field sensing with cold atoms utilizing Larmor precession of alkali atoms in a magnetic field has been discussed in: MOT [10], Bose-Einstein condensate [11,12] and ...

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confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Faraday rotation and detection of superposition states in cold atoms

et al. 2010

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“…Quantum computation and information processing are two examples most relevant to this journal, although a multitude of other examples exist, such as inertial navigation, gravimetry, timekeeping, magnetometry, and field sensing [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. From a practical perspective, the scientific challenges presented by these applications are compounded by the technical difficulty of their implementation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Compact, microchip-based systems for practical applications of ultracold atoms

Salim

DeNatale

Farkas

et al. 2011

Quantum Inf Process

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We present a set of building blocks for constructing and utilizing compact, microchip-based, ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chambers for the practical deployment of cold-and ultracold-atom systems. We present two examples of chip-compatible approaches for miniaturizing UHV chambers-double-magneto-optical-trap cells and channel cells-as well as compact, free-space optical systems into which these cells can be easily inserted and quickly swapped. We discuss progress in atom chip technology, including miniature through-chip electrical feedthroughs and optical windows for transferring light between the trapping region on the chip and the ambient environment. As an example of the latter, we present some of the first through-chip fluorescence images of a Bose-Einstein condensate. High numerical apertures can be achieved with this technique, allowing for submicron resolution. Whether for optical detection, trapping, or control, such fine resolution will have numerous applications in quantum information, especially for experiments based on ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices.123 976 E. A. Salim et al.

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“…In cold atomic ensembles and atomic beams, stimulated Raman transitions [1] have been used to select narrow velocity classes for velocimetry [2], atom interferometry [3], subrecoil Raman cooling [4], and magnetometry [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently demonstrated a simple imaging magnetometer that uses isoenergetic, retroreflected Raman beams in a lin-perp-lin configuration [5,6]. The Raman pulse couples Zeeman-shifted magnetic sublevels within a ground state hyperfine manifold of an expanding cold atom sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1(a) shows the energy level diagram for velocity selection. Neglecting differential light shifts and higher order Zeeman shifts, etc., an atom in a counterpropagating laser field can undergo transitions between two momentum states p avg À hk and p avg þ hk when the two-photon Doppler shift due to the average momentum state, 2k Á v avg , equals the energy level splitting [6]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging velocity selective resonances in a magnetic field

Fatemi

Terraciano

Dutton

et al. 2009

Journal of Modern Optics

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We demonstrate techniques for imaging both magnetic fields and magnetic sublevel distributions using velocityselective Raman transitions in cold 87 Rb and 85 Rb ensembles. When an expanding atom cloud is exposed to counterpropagating laser beams, resonant atom trajectories undergoing Raman transitions are perturbed and result in distinctive features in images of the expanded cloud. If the counterpropagating laser fields couple magnetic sublevels in different hyperfine manifolds, the images provide a spectrograph of sublevel occupation. The techniques are simple to implement and provide a useful, rapid diagnostic tool for cold atom experiments.

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A single-shot imaging magnetometer using cold atoms

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Nonlinear Faraday rotation and detection of superposition states in cold atoms

Nonlinear Faraday rotation and detection of superposition states in cold atoms

Compact, microchip-based systems for practical applications of ultracold atoms

Imaging velocity selective resonances in a magnetic field

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