A single treatment of rice seedlings with 5-azacytidine induces heritable dwarfism and undermethylation of genomic DNA

Sano, Hiroshi; Kamada, Ikuko; Youssefian, Shohab; Katsumi, Masayuki; Wabiko, Hiroetsu

doi:10.1007/bf00391751

Cited by 125 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The latter phenomenon was changed in most plants after 5 days of growth except some plants wilted and gradually died. These results are consistent with the findings of Sano et al [41].…”

Section: Identification Of Non-imprinted Genessupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The mechanisms regulating the spatial and temporal expression of genes include both epigenetic modifications and the role of regulatory factors. It is known that methylation inhibitor 5-azadC can reduce DNA methylation levels, thereby leading to the change of gene expression [39][40][41][42]. For endosperm-specific genes, we have tested whether the silencing in non-endosperm tissues are due to DNA methylation.…”

Section: Dna Methylation Regulates On Endosperm Specific Genes and Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of DNA Methylation on the Expression of Non-imprinted Genes in Rice

Zhang¹,

Liu²

2016

J Rice Res

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The expression of imprinted genes is regulated by well-known genetic mechanisms such as DNA and histone methylation. However the mechanism regulating the expression of non-imprinted genes that are specifically expressed in endosperm is currently unknown. To determine whether DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of non-imprinted gene expression in endosperm, we used rice seeds from a reciprocal cross between cultivars Nipponbare and 9311 treated with a methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine to investigate the expression patterns of four non-imprinted genes in seedlings. We found these endosperm specific genes were activated in F1 with two types of expression patterns: 1) either both parental alleles were expressed in F1 leaves; 2) or only one parental allele was expressed in the leaves of the progeny. We speculate that the altered expression patterns of parental alleles may be associated with F1 heterosis. We also observed that the expression of non-imprinted genes underwent dynamic changes at different development stages with two showing imprinted expression patterns, suggesting that DNA methylation is involved in regulating the expression of some imprinted as well as non-imprinted genes. The results of this study provide a reference for further exploring epigenetic mechanisms underlying seed development and, potentially, the association of dynamic changes of DNA methylation with heterosis.

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“…The latter phenomenon was changed in most plants after 5 days of growth except some plants wilted and gradually died. These results are consistent with the findings of Sano et al [41].…”

Section: Identification Of Non-imprinted Genessupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Dna Methylation Regulates On Endosperm Specific Genes and Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of DNA Methylation on the Expression of Non-imprinted Genes in Rice

Zhang¹,

Liu²

2016

J Rice Res

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“…This means that the present experimental system may be useful to study the regulation mechanism of the flowering-related genes in P. frutescens. After the start of 5-azacytidine treatment Comparison of flowering induced by 5-azacytidine and that induced by SD 5-Azacytidine effectively induced flowering even when applied to the shoot apical meristem of P. frutescens seedlings (Table 4) as compared with the previous works in which 5-azacytidine was treated to seeds (Sano et al 1990, Burn et al 1993, Brock and Davidson 1994, Finnegan et al 1998a, Demeulemeester et al 1999. As reported by Zeevaart (1958), P. frutescens seedlings respond to SD treatment only after the fourth leaf pair expanded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Flowering induced by 5‐azacytidine, a DNA demethylating reagent in a short‐day plant, Perilla frutescens var. crispa

Kondo

Ozaki

Itoh

et al. 2006

Physiologia Plantarum

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Treatment with 5-azacytidine, a DNA demethylating reagent, induced flowering in Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. crispa (Thunb. ex Murray) Decne. ex L. H. Bailey, an absolute short-day plant under long days. The 5-azacytidine treatment induced slight suppression of vegetative growth but had no obvious effect on any other phenotypes. The Southern hybridization analysis of the genomic DNA isolated from the leaves of 5-azacytidine-treated plants and digested with restriction enzyme, methylation-insensitive Msp I or methylation-sensitive Hpa II with P. frutescens 25S-18S rDNA intergenic spacer probe indicated that the 5-azacytidine treatment caused demethylation of the genomic DNA. The 5-azacytidine-induced flowering was delayed as compared with the short day-induced flowering. Flowers were formed even at the lower nodes which had not been directly treated with 5-azacytidine. The results suggest that DNA demethylation induced flowering by inducing the production of a transmissible flowering stimulus in P. frutescens.

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“…Phenotypes resembling the ddml induced delayed-onset defects are seen in transgenic A. thaliana expressing cytosine methyltransferase anti-sense constructs (41,42). In addition, dwarf-like phenotypes (reduced stature, reduced apical dominance) have been induced in A. thaliana (J.A.J., unpublished work) and other flowering plants using DNA methylation inhibitors (49,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Developmental abnormalities and epimutations associated with DNA hypomethylation mutations.

Kakutani

Jeddeloh

Flowers

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

358

273

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A number of aberrant morphological phenotypes were noted during propagation of the Arabidopsis thaliana DNA hypomethylation mutant, ddm1, by repeated self-pollination. Onset of a spectrum of morphological abnormalities, including defects in leaf structure, flowering time, and flower structure, was strictly associated with the ddm1 mutations. The morphological phenotypes arose at a high frequency in selfed ddm1 mutant lines and some phenotypes became progressively more severe in advancing generations. The transmission of two common morphological trait syndromes in genetic crosses demonstrated that the phenotypes are caused by heritable lesions that develop in ddm1 mutant backgrounds. Loss of cytosine methylation in specific genomic sequences during the selfing regime was noted in the ddm1 mutants. Potential mechanisms for formation of the lesions underlying the morphological abnormalities are discussed.

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A single treatment of rice seedlings with 5-azacytidine induces heritable dwarfism and undermethylation of genomic DNA

Cited by 125 publications

References 17 publications

The Effects of DNA Methylation on the Expression of Non-imprinted Genes in Rice

The Effects of DNA Methylation on the Expression of Non-imprinted Genes in Rice

Flowering induced by 5‐azacytidine, a DNA demethylating reagent in a short‐day plant, Perilla frutescens var. crispa

Developmental abnormalities and epimutations associated with DNA hypomethylation mutations.

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