A slight recovery of soils from Acid Rain over the last three decades is not reflected in the macro nutrition of beech (Fagus sylvatica) at 97 forest stands of the Vienna Woods

Berger, Torsten W.; Türtscher, Selina; Berger, Pétra; Lindebner, Leopold

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.024

Cited by 46 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition, in the ICP Forests network, most plots have normal foliar Bc levels. Berger, Türtscher, Berger, and Lindebner () similarly found adequate Bc nutrition in beech stands in Austria and declining foliar Bc trends despite increasing soil exchangeable cations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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The response of soil solution chemistry in European forests to decreasing acid deposition

Johnson

Pannatier

Carnicelli

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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Acid deposition arising from sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) emissions from fossil fuel combustion and agriculture has contributed to the acidification of terrestrial ecosystems in many regions globally. However, in Europe and North America, S deposition has greatly decreased in recent decades due to emissions controls. In this study, we assessed the response of soil solution chemistry in mineral horizons of European forests to these changes. Trends in pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), major ions, total aluminium (Al ) and dissolved organic carbon were determined for the period 1995-2012. Plots with at least 10 years of observations from the ICP Forests monitoring network were used. Trends were assessed for the upper mineral soil (10-20 cm, 104 plots) and subsoil (40-80 cm, 162 plots). There was a large decrease in the concentration of sulphate (SO42-) in soil solution; over a 10-year period (2000-2010), SO42- decreased by 52% at 10-20 cm and 40% at 40-80 cm. Nitrate was unchanged at 10-20 cm but decreased at 40-80 cm. The decrease in acid anions was accompanied by a large and significant decrease in the concentration of the nutrient base cations: calcium, magnesium and potassium (Bc = Ca + Mg + K ) and Al over the entire dataset. The response of soil solution acidity was nonuniform. At 10-20 cm, ANC increased in acid-sensitive soils (base saturation ≤10%) indicating a recovery, but ANC decreased in soils with base saturation >10%. At 40-80 cm, ANC remained unchanged in acid-sensitive soils (base saturation ≤20%, pHCaCl2 ≤ 4.5) and decreased in better-buffered soils (base saturation >20%, pHCaCl2 > 4.5). In addition, the molar ratio of Bc to Al either did not change or decreased. The results suggest a long-time lag between emission abatement and changes in soil solution acidity and underline the importance of long-term monitoring in evaluating ecosystem response to decreases in deposition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In addition, in the ICP Forests network, most plots have normal foliar Bc levels. Berger, T€ urtscher, Berger, and Lindebner (2016)…”

Section: Decreasing Bc In Soil Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of soil solution chemistry in European forests to decreasing acid deposition

Johnson

Pannatier

Carnicelli

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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“…Declines in acidic deposition across Europe and North America (Lehmann et al, 2005; Greaver et al, 2012) have led to signs of chemical recovery of soils from acidification (Lawrence et al, 2015; Berger et al, 2016). Lawrence et al (2012) also reported significant Al decreases in the Oa horizon at two sites on the WMNF where red spruce was a major species in the canopy, and a significant Ca decrease in upper B horizon at one of the two sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal Change in Soil Chemistry of Northern Hardwood Forests on the White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire, USA

Fraser¹,

Bailey

Ducey³

2019

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Core Ideas Soils in the northeastern United States show signs of recovery from acidification between 2001‐2002 and 2014. Variation in soil chemistry at the landscape and plot‐scales was similar, informing study design. Soils influenced by shallow groundwater were more dynamic than well‐drained soils. Soils are subject to a variety of stressors including human land use, air pollution and climate change. A challenge for detecting temporal change is disentangling heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales. Forty permanent plots were sampled across the US White Mountain National Forest (WMNF) in 2001 or 2002 and resampled in 2014. Paired t tests detected significant increases in carbon and base cations concentrations and a decrease in Al in the Oa horizon while base cations decreased and Al increased in some mineral horizons. A subset of six plots were intensively resampled in 2015. Pooled variances were calculated using all the six intensively sampled plots from 2014 to 2015. Within‐site variability was comparable to overall variability across the WMNF. When study sites were stratified into hydrologic groups, we found a strong signal in the Oa horizon of increasing carbon and base cation concentrations from 2001–2002 to 2014, suggesting that soils influenced by shallow groundwater contributions from upslope may be more responsive to acidification recovery than soils influenced only by vertical percolation. The initial study design did not consider the role of hydrologic pathways in susceptibility of soils to temporal change and did not include enough plots in each hydrologic group to maximize the power of this stratification approach. However, these results illustrate the potential for hydrologic stratification to improve change detection and interpretation in forest soil monitoring programs. The combined approach to hydrologic stratification and estimating variance components simultaneously at the landscape and within‐plot scales is crucial for calculating sample size needed to detect temporal change.

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“…Increasing base saturation and pH and decreasing Al ex in organic (Oa) horizon soils have been measured in the northeastern United States (Lawrence et al, 2015). Soil water in Sweden has shown indications of a slow recovery with decreasing inorganic Al and increasing ANC (Pihl Karlsson et al, 2011; Akselsson et al, 2013), and in Austrian beech forests, pH, Ca ex , and Mg ex increased in uppermost soil layers (Berger et al, 2016). …”

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confidence: 99%

Long‐term Changes in Soil and Stream Chemistry across an Acid Deposition Gradient in the Northeastern United States

Siemion¹,

McHale²,

Lawrence³

et al. 2018

J of Env Quality

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Declines in acidic deposition across Europe and North America have led to decreases in surface water acidity and signs of chemical recovery of soils from acidification. To better understand the link between recovery of soils and surface waters, chemical trends in precipitation, soils, and streamwater were investigated in three watersheds representing a depositional gradient from high to low across the northeastern United States. Significant declines in concentrations of H (ranging from -1.2 to -2.74 microequivalents [μeq] L yr), NO (ranging from -0.6 to -0.84 μeq L yr), and SO (ranging from -0.95 to -2.13 μeq L yr) were detected in precipitation in the three watersheds during the period 1999 to 2013. Soil chemistry in the A horizon of the watershed with the greatest decrease in deposition showed significant decreases in exchangeable Al and increases in exchangeable bases. Soil chemistry did not significantly improve during the study in the other watersheds, and base saturation in the Oa and upper B horizons significantly declined in the watershed with the smallest decrease in deposition. Streamwater SO concentrations significantly declined in all three streams (ranging from -2.01 to -2.87 μeq L yr) and acid neutralizing capacity increased (ranging from 1.38 to 1.60 μeq L yr) in the two streams with the greatest decreases in deposition. Recovery of soils has likely been limited by decades of acid deposition that have leached base cations from soils with base-poor parent material.

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A slight recovery of soils from Acid Rain over the last three decades is not reflected in the macro nutrition of beech (Fagus sylvatica) at 97 forest stands of the Vienna Woods

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

The response of soil solution chemistry in European forests to decreasing acid deposition

The response of soil solution chemistry in European forests to decreasing acid deposition

Decadal Change in Soil Chemistry of Northern Hardwood Forests on the White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire, USA

Long‐term Changes in Soil and Stream Chemistry across an Acid Deposition Gradient in the Northeastern United States

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