A Smart City Based on Ambient Intelligence

Abstract

SUMMARYThe United Nations (UN) reports that the global population reached 7 billion in 2011, and today, it stands at about 7.3 billion. This dramatic increase has been driven largely by the extension of people's lifetime. The urban population has been also increasing, which causes a lot of issues for cities, such as congestion and increased demand for resources, including energy, water, sanitation, education, and healthcare services. A smart city has been expected a lot to solve those issues. The concept of a smart city is not new. Due to the progress of information and communication technology (ICT), including the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data (BD), the concept of a smart city has been being realized in various aspects. This paper introduces the concept and definition of a smart city. Then it explains the ambient intelligence that supports a smart city. Moreover, it introduces several key components of a smart city. key words: a smart city, ambient intelligence, information and communication technology (ICT), Internet of things (IoT)

The Level of Achievement for Assessment of Smart City in Smart Technology: A Literature Review

“…Knowing the role of ICT in a smart city, an analysis was carried out with a literature review to determine the dimensions of smart technology in the smart city context. The most popular or most frequently used smart city dimensions are the 6 dimensions of Giffinger et al (smart mobility, smart living, smart environment, smart people, smart government, and smart economy) [3] with smart technology one of the dimensions of the smart city from various other literature perspectives. dimensions of smart technology can be seen in Table 6.…”

“…In emerging age, the term smart city has become the centre of attention where in general, the smart city concept is followed by the rapid use of technology to solve city problems from various aspects [1] [2]. Smart cities can be seen from various dimensions such as smart mobility, smart living, smart environment, smart people, smart government, and smart economy [3]. Because each city has unique characteristics, each city can choose the focus of smart city development according to these dimensions [4], such as China, Nanjing and Taipei focusing on the smart economy [5], Australia, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) focusing on smart people [6], as well as Spain City, the cities of Valencia and Madrid focus on implementing smart government [5].…”

“…(EDCi), Smart City Strategy Index, Global Cities Index, and Global Feasibility Survey [7]. According to Giffinger et al, according to Giffinger et al, the dimensions of smart city assessment can be divided into six dimensions, namely smart mobility, smart living, smart environment, smart people, smart government, and smart economy [3]. The six dimensions of the ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities are equal to 6 dimensions of smart city Giffinger et al but added indicators of sustainability in a smart environment [2], Maria's five dimensions, namely smart technology, smart economy, smart people, smart governance, and smart environment [7], or other dimensions that can be assessed according to the characteristics of the city.…”

Exploring the High-Quality Development of Smart City Tourism in the Information Age

“…The research on smart cities focuses on the fields of urban function, urban planning, urban life, urban services, etc. The European Union proposes that a smart city should contain six constituent dimensions, namely, "smart economy, smart society, smart management, smart transportation, smart environment and smart life" [6][7]. China's understanding of smart cities focuses on the application of smart technologies, urbanization development, resource and energy utilization, and ecological protection [8].…”

Maximum Doppler Frequency Detection Based on Likelihood Estimation With Theoretical Thresholds

“…Lots of devices around us are going to connect with the internet via wireless communications in order to improve the quality of our lives [1]. Those systems are called as internet of things (IoT).…”