A solar tower fuel plant for the thermochemical production of kerosene from H2O and CO2

Zoller, Stefan; Koepf, Erik; Nizamian, Dustin; Stephan, Marco; Patané, Adriano; Haueter, Philipp; Romero, Manuel; González-Aguilar, José; Lieftink, Dick; Wit, Ellart de; Brendelberger, Stefan; Sizmann, A.; Steinfeld, Aldo

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2022.06.012

Cited by 100 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The growth in the development and application of cerium-containing materials since about 1980 has truly been remarkable. Cerium has been applied to many of the major fields of fundamental and applied catalysis and continues to be exploited for its redox and defect structural properties in many emerging technology applications as well, including CO 2 conversion [169], advanced fuel cell technologies [170], biomimetic catalysis [171], and the manufacture of sustainable aviation fuels [172,173]. The application of cerium oxide to catalysis, which started as a redox promoter and then as an "inert" support for metal catalysts, has grown into a dynamic field of rational catalyst design based on the increased understanding of cerium's unique redox properties, structural versatility, and agency as a catalyst constituent.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Prospects For Cerium Oxide Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of the Ubiquity of Cerium in Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis Science and Technology

Brazdil

2022

Catalysts

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Research into the incorporation of cerium into a diverse range of catalyst systems for a wide spectrum of process chemistries has expanded rapidly. This has been evidenced since about 1980 in the increasing number of both scientific research journals and patent publications that address the application of cerium as a component of a multi-metal oxide system and as a support material for metal catalysts. This review chronicles both the applied and fundamental research into cerium-containing oxide catalysts where cerium’s redox activity confers enhanced and new catalytic functionality. Application areas of cerium-containing catalysts include selective oxidation, combustion, NOx remediation, and the production of sustainable chemicals and materials via bio-based feedstocks, among others. The newfound interest in cerium-containing catalysts stems from the benefits achieved by cerium’s inclusion, which include selectivity, activity, and stability. These benefits arise because of cerium’s unique combination of chemical and thermal stability, its redox active properties, its ability to stabilize defect structures in multicomponent oxides, and its propensity to stabilize catalytically optimal oxidation states of other multivalent elements. This review surveys the origins and some of the current directions in the research and application of cerium oxide-based catalysts.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Prospects For Cerium Oxide Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of the Ubiquity of Cerium in Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis Science and Technology

Brazdil

2022

Catalysts

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“…Apart from water electrolysis, the solar-driven thermochemical redox cycle can produce hydrogen from water utilizing metal oxide that participating the reduction and oxidation reactions sequentially and continuously . It is reported that the highest possible STF efficiency is 36% from thermodynamic analysis, while the highest lab-scale prototype efficiency is 5.25% and the industrial-scale application efficiency is 4.1% . Hence, we only considered this more matured solar hydrogen technologies instead of solar thermochemical hydrogen production pathway.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 It is reported that the highest possible STF efficiency is 36% from thermodynamic analysis, 49 while the highest lab-scale prototype efficiency is 5.25% 50 and the industrial-scale application efficiency is 4.1%. 51 Hence, we only considered this more matured solar hydrogen technologies instead of solar thermochemical hydrogen production pathway.…”

Section: ■ Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on Electrochemical and Thermochemical Pathways for Carbonaceous Fuel Generation Using Sunlight and Air

Sullivan

Xiang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A comparative study on the solar-to-fuel (STF) conversion efficiency of electrochemical and thermochemical approaches for methane (CH 4 ), methanol (MeOH), and ethanol (EtOH) generation using sunlight and air was performed. The system level STF conversion efficiency studied herein took into account of both the conversion processes and feedstock capture processes. In particular, the feedstock, CO 2 and H 2 O, in this analysis were assumed to be captured from air. For thermochemical conversion, one and two-step approaches were considered including CH 4 generation from the Sabatier reaction, and two-step processes for methanol (MeOH) and ethanol (EtOH) generation from CO and H 2 coupled with the reverse water gas shift reaction (rWGS). State-of-the-art electrochemical and hybrid electrochemical-thermochemical processes for CH 4 , MeOH and EtOH generation, and the corresponding system level STF conversion efficiency were then compared and contrasted to the thermochemical approaches. Target overpotentials and Faradaic efficiency (FE) for the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reactions was also presented to compete with thermochemical approaches at different operating scenarios.

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“…These strategies, illustrated here to determine the extent to which surface reactions or bulk diffusion limits CZO reduction–oxidation rates, are applicable in general to chemical looping, thermochemical energy storage, , selective oxidations using lattice O-atoms (instead of O 2 ), and reduction of molecules (e.g., CO 2 and H 2 O) by donation of their O-atoms to vacancies in oxides, for which such details are also essential for design and practice and for accurate descriptions of their function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Relevance of Surface Reactions and Lattice Diffusion in the Dynamics of Ce–Zr Oxides Reduction–Oxidation Cycles

Hwang

Getsoian

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Reduction–oxidation cycles in oxides are ubiquitous in oxygen storage and transport, chemical looping processes, and fuel cells. O-atom addition and removal are mediated by coupling reactions of oxidants and reductants at surfaces with diffusion of O-atoms within oxide crystals, with either or both processes as limiting steps. CeO2–ZrO2 solid solutions (CZO) are ubiquitous in practice. They are used here to illustrate general experimental strategies and reaction–diffusion formalisms for nonideal systems that enable assessments of the kinetic relevance of the steps that mediate O-atom addition and removal in these materials; these experiments are described within the context of models that describe the driving forces for reaction and diffusion rigorously in terms of oxygen chemical potentials (μO). These strategies assess the rate consequences of varying the fluid phase redox potential, through changes in the identity and pressures of the reactants and products used in redox cycles (O2; CO/CO2; H2/H2O; N2O/N2), of introducing dispersed metal nanoparticles that capture and react lattice O-atoms in CZO using CO or H2, and of imposing intervening dwells without reaction within redox cycles. O-removal rates depend on reductant pressures, even when CO/CO2 and H2/H2O ratios are chosen to maintain the same surface μO if surface reactions were quasi-equilibrated. These data, taken together with significant rate enhancements in O-removal when Pt nanoparticles are present at CZO crystal surfaces and with similar rates before and after inert dwells, demonstrate that reduction rates by both CO and H2 are limited by surface reactions without the presence of consequential spatial gradients in μO within CZO crystals. In contrast, O-addition rates to partially reduced CZO crystals are similar for N2O and O2 reactants and are not affected by the presence of Pt nanoparticles; O-addition rates are significantly higher after intervening inert dwells during CZO oxidation, indicative of spatial gradients in μO, which relax during nonreactive periods. These methods and models, illustrated here for CZO redox cycles at conditions relevant to oxygen storage practice, allow systematic assessments of the kinetic relevance of lattice diffusion and surface reactions for systems that use solids for the reversible storage and release of atoms, irrespective of the identity of the solids or the atoms (e.g., O, H, N, and S).

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A solar tower fuel plant for the thermochemical production of kerosene from H2O and CO2

Cited by 100 publications

References 41 publications

The Emergence of the Ubiquity of Cerium in Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis Science and Technology

The Emergence of the Ubiquity of Cerium in Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis Science and Technology

Comparative Study on Electrochemical and Thermochemical Pathways for Carbonaceous Fuel Generation Using Sunlight and Air

Kinetic Relevance of Surface Reactions and Lattice Diffusion in the Dynamics of Ce–Zr Oxides Reduction–Oxidation Cycles

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