A Solid-State Thin-Film Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode Coated with Graphene Oxide and Its Use in a pH Sensor

Kim, Tae Yong; Hong, Sung A; Yang, Sung

doi:10.3390/s150306469

Cited by 65 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One of the electrodes serves as a reference and the other serves as a working electrode. Usually, materials used for reference electrodes are Ag/AgCl, due to their stability, performance, and safety against environmental issues [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Fabrication of Low Cost Thick Film pH Sensor using Silver Chlorinated Reference Electrodes with Integrated Temperature Sensor

Wiranto

Idayanti

Tayubi

et al. 2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. This paper describes the design and fabrication of thick film pH sensor, in which the reference electrode has been formed by chlorination of Ag using FeCl3. The process was aimed to replace Ag/AgCl paste commonly used as reference electrodes. Fabricated using thick film screen printing technology on Al2O3 substrate, the pH sensor showed a measured sensitivity of -52.97, -53.17 and -53.68 mV/pH at 25 o C, 45 o C, and 65 o C, respectively. The measured values were close to the theoretical Nernstian slope of -59 mV/pH 25 o C.The sensor was also designed with an integrated Ruthenium based temperature sensor for future temperature compensation. The measured resistance temperature characteristics showed a linear reasponse over the range of 25 -80 o C. This miniaturised planar sensor should find wide application, especially in field water quality monitoring, replacing their glass type counterparts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Fabrication of Low Cost Thick Film pH Sensor using Silver Chlorinated Reference Electrodes with Integrated Temperature Sensor

Wiranto

Idayanti

Tayubi

et al. 2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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“…Compared with ALS, it demonstrates that Ag/AgCl electrodes are more sensitive to chloride. The research provides the key element for the specific application of Ag/AgCl electrode for corrosion monitoring in the future.outer AgCl layer, there are several commonly manufactured methods such as powder pressing, sintering [11,19], chlorination and DC current polarization [20].With regard to application of Ag/AgCl, it has been used as the reference electrode for many purposes [15,20,21] and in recent decades has began to be studied in its use as chloride sensor in the concrete industry [17,22,23]. Relative attempts to embed Ag/AgCl electrodes into cement-based materials were gradually reported since the 1990s [24][25][26][27].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With regard to application of Ag/AgCl, it has been used as the reference electrode for many purposes [15,20,21] and in recent decades has began to be studied in its use as chloride sensor in the concrete industry [17,22,23]. Relative attempts to embed Ag/AgCl electrodes into cement-based materials were gradually reported since the 1990s [24][25][26][27].…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of Ag/AgCl Sensor for Chloride Monitoring of Mortar under Dry-Wet Cycles

Tian

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Sensors

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An Ag/AgCl electrode used as a corrosion sensor in a reinforced concrete structure is considered as having good application prospect. However, its performance under complex conditions, such as dry-wet cycle condition, is not affirmed. In the current study, the performance of Ag/AgCl as chloride selective electrode in mortar exposed to dry-wet cycle condition was investigated. A simple Ag/AgCl electrode was prepared and fabricated by electrochemical anodization. These Ag/AgCl electrodes were embedded into a mortar specimen with temperature sensors, humidity sensors and anode ladder monitoring system (ALS). After 28 d curing time, the upper surface of mortar specimen was wetted (with 5% NaCl solution) and dried regularly. The obtained results indicate that Ag/AgCl electrode responds to the ingress of chloride ion, sensitively. The chloride ion concentration variation can be reflected by the potential trend. Furthermore, the balance potential of Ag/AgCl electrodes is influenced by dry-wet cycles. Compared with ALS, it demonstrates that Ag/AgCl electrodes are more sensitive to chloride. The research provides the key element for the specific application of Ag/AgCl electrode for corrosion monitoring in the future.

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“…[13] Among these, the Ag|AgCl-based REs are common and more attractive because of easy fabrication, stable electrode potential, and their nontoxicity. For this reason, Ag|AgCl-based thin [17,18] and thick film [19][20][21][22] REs have also been explored recently. [8,10,16] However, as discussed earlier, due to rigidity of glass, it is difficult to use GREs in emerging application such as wearables' systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8,10,16] However, as discussed earlier, due to rigidity of glass, it is difficult to use GREs in emerging application such as wearables' systems. For this reason, Ag|AgCl-based thin [17,18] and thick film [19][20][21][22] REs have also been explored recently. Although both these types of REs have been shown to have good potential for wearable and disposable devices, they still have several limitations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Flexible Printed Reference Electrodes for Electrochemical Applications

Manjakkal

Shakthivel

Dahiya

2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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conventional glass-based REs (GREs) in emerging wearable systems. Besides being nonflexible, the GREs are fragile, and it is difficult to miniaturize and integrate them for multisensor applications. [4][5][6] The periodic filling of liquid KCl electrolyte needed in GREs also limits their use in continuous monitoring of health and water quality. [7,8] These limitations of current REs, along with the huge potential of flexible and wearable systems, [5,9] are driving the research toward miniaturized and flexible/wearable REs. Currently, there is no commercial RE that could meet the requirements for flexible electrochemical studies.In terms of the state of the art, various types of REs (Figure 1) have been explored for electrochemical applications. These include standard hydrogen electrode and saturated calomel electrodes (Hg|Hg 2 Cl 2 ), [10] Ag|AgCl, [11,12] and Cu|CuSO 4 . [13] Among these, the Ag|AgCl-based REs are common and more attractive because of easy fabrication, stable electrode potential, and their nontoxicity. [10,14,15] Conventional REs are fabricated on glass using AgCl coated Ag metal wire in a saturated KCl or enriched Cl − ion solution. [8,10,16] However, as discussed earlier, due to rigidity of glass, it is difficult to use GREs in emerging application such as wearables' systems. For this reason, Ag|AgCl-based thin [17,18] and thick film [19][20][21][22] REs have also been explored recently. Although both these types of REs have been shown to have good potential for wearable and disposable devices, they still have several limitations. For example, being a quasi-RE (i.e., absence of KCl layer), the majority of thin film REs exhibit fluctuations in the open circuit potential (OCP) while reacting with Cl − ions. [20] The unstable potential due to the decomposition of AgCl layer over a period of time is detrimental to the long-term operation of thin film REs. The absence of KCl in thin film REs also increases the issue of cross-sensitivity [23] and for this reason thick film RE have been explored. The thick film REs use KCl paste or polymer-KCl composites over AgCl electrode,. [20,21] A common issue with thick films REs is their short lifetime due to rapid decay of KCl layer. [20,21,24] Further, the polymer-based KCl layer in these REs require long setting-up time (more than 2 h) prior to use. These issues have been overcome in the current work through development of flexible reference electrode (FRE) based on thick film Ag|AgCl|KCl.The thick film Ag|AgCl|KCl-based FRE reported here has been developed with screen printing technique, which is known as a cost-effective electrode fabrication method. [25,26] The performance of FRE has been evaluated through electrochemical This work presents screen-printed thick film reference electrodes (REs) on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The ion-conducting channel of presented screen-printed thick film Ag|AgCl|KCl electrodes are made from a composite of glass-KCl powder. With this new formulation the REs exhibit negligible variation in the potential (±4 mV)...

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A Solid-State Thin-Film Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode Coated with Graphene Oxide and Its Use in a pH Sensor

Cited by 65 publications

References 29 publications

Design and Fabrication of Low Cost Thick Film pH Sensor using Silver Chlorinated Reference Electrodes with Integrated Temperature Sensor

Design and Fabrication of Low Cost Thick Film pH Sensor using Silver Chlorinated Reference Electrodes with Integrated Temperature Sensor

Application of Ag/AgCl Sensor for Chloride Monitoring of Mortar under Dry-Wet Cycles

Flexible Printed Reference Electrodes for Electrochemical Applications

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