A Stable FDTD Subgridding Method Based on Finite Element Formulation With Hanging Variables

The Huygens subgridding for the numerical solution of the Maxwell equations

“…The HSG relies on a principle that is different from the principle of all the other existing subgridding techniques [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. As a consequence, it possesses most of the desired features of a subgridding.…”

A stable FDTD subgridding method for both spatial and temporal spaces

“…Recently Venkatarayalu et al [5] using finite element formation with hanging variables achieved the same numerical stability result in 2D, and using the same formulation they achieved a numerical stable scheme in 3D. In spatial and temporal spaces subgridding there are stable 3D methods [6,7,8].…”

“…In spatial only subgridding, interpolation schemes of "constant" scheme [4,5], Figure 1a, and "linear" scheme [6,8], Figure 1b, were implemented and tested for late-time instability. Using a single time step throughout the domain no late-time instability was encountered for both interpolation schemes.…”

Application of huygens subgridding technique to human body modelling

“…Many of these techniques focus on interpolation at the interface, and a computational procedure is simpler than other methods which require matrix inversion [7][8][9]. In these techniques, the coarse mesh regions have the same temporal discretisation as that in the fine mesh regions, minimising later instability.…”