A state of the art review on phosphate removal from water by biochars

Almanassra, Ismail W.; McKay, Gordon; Кочкодан, Віктор; Atieh, Muataz Ali; Al‐Ansari, Tareq

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.128211

Cited by 215 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…The results are comparable to the findings reported by Iftekhar et al [10]. Thermodynamic information such as enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and entropy can provide information about the randomness of the phosphate/sulphate ions at acid-washed copper smelter slag and the wastewater, spontaneity information and heat of adsorption [72].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Studiessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Understanding the nature of adsorption mechanisms, such as physical or chemical reactions between adsorbates and adsorbents helps in knowing the dictating mechanism during the adsorption process. Almanassra et al [72] reported that the adsorption mechanism is interconnected to processes such as adsorption isotherms, kinetics thermodynamics, and these help in the long-term design of reactors for the water and wastewater treatment. Jellali et al [39] reported that low significance of other anions (though with high concentrations) during adsorption compared to phosphorus adsorption indicates that inner-sphere complexation is involved.…”

Section: Adsorption Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorus and sulphates removal from wastewater using copper smelter slag washed with acid

Letshwenyo

Mokokwe

2021

SN Appl. Sci.

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In this study, we present the performance of acid washed copper smelter slag for the adsorption of phosphates and sulphates from wastewater. The aim of the study was to investigate the removal of phosphates and sulphates from wastewater using acid washed copper smelter slag at batch scale by exploring influences of different variables. The leachate concentrations of copper, iron, manganese and lead released from the adsorbent were 1.8, 128.2, 0.32 and 0.20 mg L−1, respectively at pH 2. The point of zero charge was at pH 6.04, Pseudo-Second Order kinetic model described the adsorption process better with an R2 value of 0.99. The experimental maximum adsorption capacities for phosphates and sulphates were 0.51 and 0.24 mg g−1 media, respectively, and 0.96 mg P g−1 media at pH 12 and 0.39 mg g−1 media for sulphates at pH 2, respectively. The process was endothermic with temperature having insignificant impact during adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities for thermodynamic study were 0.103 ± 0.09 and 0.046 ± 0.004 mg g−1 media respectively, for PO43− P and SO42− at 60 °C. This study showed that acid washed copper smelter slag has an improved adsorption capacity for phosphate and sulphate ions but further investigations should be conducted to find ways of further improving the adsorbent performance. Article highlights There is increase in the adsorption capacity of acid washed copper smelter slag. The adsorption capacity of phosphorus is high at pH 12 and for sulphate at pH 6. The adsorption of phosphate and sulphate ions onto acid washed slag is an endothermic process. Intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate controlling mechanisms.

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Section: Thermodynamic Studiessupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Adsorption Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus and sulphates removal from wastewater using copper smelter slag washed with acid

Letshwenyo

Mokokwe

2021

SN Appl. Sci.

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“…The binding of ions on the biochar surface can take place in several ways, via physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, electrostatic interaction, precipitation, complexation of ions and ion exchange process [103]. Lewis acid-base interactions, electrostatic interactions, and ligand exchange are mentioned as among the most common controlling mechanisms for PO 4 3− removal with SS biochars [105], which could also be applicable to this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pyrolysis of Solid Digestate from Sewage Sludge and Lignocellulosic Biomass: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis, Characterization of Biochar

Petrović

Vohl

Predikaka³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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This study investigates the pyrolysis behavior and reaction kinetics of two different types of solid digestates from: (i) sewage sludge and (ii) a mixture of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass—Typha latifolia plant. Thermogravimetric data in the temperature range 25–800 °C were analyzed using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose kinetic methods, and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) were also determined. Biochars were characterized using different chemical methods (FTIR, SEM–EDS, XRD, heavy metal, and nutrient analysis) and tested as soil enhancers using a germination test. Finally, their potential for biosorption of NH4+, PO43−, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions was studied. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters revealed a complex degradation mechanism of digestates, as they showed higher activation energies than undigested materials. Values for sewage sludge digestate were between 57 and 351 kJ/mol, and for digestate composed of sewage sludge and T. latifolia between 62 and 401 kJ/mol. Characterizations of biochars revealed high nutrient content and promising potential for further use. The advantage of biochar obtained from a digestate mixture of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass is the lower content of heavy metals. Biosorption tests showed low biosorption capacity of digestate-derived biochars and their modifications for NH4+ and PO43− ions, but high biosorption capacity for Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions. Modification with KOH was more efficient than modification with HCl. The digestate-derived biochars exhibited excellent performance in germination tests, especially at concentrations between 6 and 10 wt.%.

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“…occurrence of these metals was due to the presence of the above metal elements in SBC. Presence of metal elements was helping for the adsorption of phosphate by the La-SBC-CS (Almanassra et al 2021). And the grooves became smaller and spherical complexes appear on the surface after adsorption, as shown in Figure 8(c).…”

Section: Desorption and Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by chitosan coated and lanthanum loaded biochar derived from urban dewatered sewage sludge: adsorption mechanism and application to lab-scale columns

Liu

Zhang

Chen

2021

Water Science and Technology

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A lanthanum modified sludge biochar chitosan (La-SBC-CS) microsphere was successfully synthesized by dropping sludge biochar (BC) and chitosan into an Lanthanum chloride solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption kinetics and isotherm. Application of continuous phosphate removal was achieved via lab-scale column reactors. The phosphate adsorption equilibrium data of the La-SBC-CS fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm, with a maximum adsorption amount of 81.54 mg p/g at 25 °C. Characterization of the adsorbent using scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), X ray energy spectrum analysis (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier infrared analysis (FTIR) techniques suggested that the possible adsorption mechanisms were electrostatic interaction, ligand exchange and complexation. The La-SBC-CS kept 76.37% phosphate removal efficiency after eight recycles. The results of continuous column reactor experiment demonstrated that the breakthrough time increased with an increase in adsorbents filling height, while it decreased with an increase in initial phosphate concentration or flow velocity. YOON model was applied to the continuous experimental data to predict breakthrough curves and determined the characteristic adsorption parameters for process design. This study indicated that the potential for the practical application of La-SBC-CS in phosphate removal from wastewater.

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A state of the art review on phosphate removal from water by biochars

Cited by 215 publications

References 139 publications

Phosphorus and sulphates removal from wastewater using copper smelter slag washed with acid

Phosphorus and sulphates removal from wastewater using copper smelter slag washed with acid

Pyrolysis of Solid Digestate from Sewage Sludge and Lignocellulosic Biomass: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis, Characterization of Biochar

Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by chitosan coated and lanthanum loaded biochar derived from urban dewatered sewage sludge: adsorption mechanism and application to lab-scale columns

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