A state–of–the-art review on indoor air pollution and strategies for indoor air pollution control

Indoor Air Quality Improvement Using Nature-Based Solutions: Design Proposals to Greener Cities

“…In addition, each year, more than 5 million people die prematurely from diseases attributable to poor indoor air quality, which also contributes to high economic losses due to reduced worker productivity, increased health care costs, and other material losses [12]. Indoor air pollutants are diverse, ranging from particulate materials (PMs), biological pollutants, and over 400 different organic and inorganic chemical compounds, whose concentrations depend on both internal and external factors [15]. Any contaminants, either chemical and biological, can result in significant health problems, which may lead to temporary or even permanent incapacitation, and, in extreme cases, to death, especially of those more vulnerable, i.e., children and the elderly.…”

“…Although the use of plants as cleaners of indoor air is an attractive and cost-effective means to improve indoor air quality, the scientific data is not yet conclusive. Some studies [15,52,53] have highlighted the weak capacity of plants, by themselves, to improve indoor air quality at a full scale; to achieve this objective a high density of indoors plants would be necessary. Several challenges remain that require further investigation, such as understanding the mechanisms involved and the role of the constituents of the system (plant, soil, and microorganisms), in order to understand, optimize, and increase its efficiency.…”

“…The LWS can also function as a bioreactor for the cultivation of microorganisms, such as microalgae. González-Martín et al [15] reviewed and highlighted the potential applications of indoor air pollution mitigation strategies, in addition to technological solutions, used to improve indoor air quality, including mechanical, chemical, and biological purification systems. Examples of biotechnological strategies for indoor air purification that can be engineered in multiple configurations, with their principal operational characteristics, are presented in Figure 4 [15].…”

Monitoring pollutant gases in museum microclimates: a relevant preventive conservation strategy

“…Mais de quatrocentos compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos são considerados poluentes do ar interior de edifícios [30]. Os principais poluentes conhecidos como danosos para as coleções são os COVs, incluindo o ácido acético (CH3COOH), o ácido fórmico (HCOOH), e o formaldeído (HCHO).…”

“…Na lista de poluentes estão ainda os compostos inorgânicos voláteis (CIV), grupo do qual fazem parte os óxidos de azoto, dióxido de enxofre, sulfureto de hidrogénio (H2S) e ozono, além do material particulado [7,8,33] (Tabela 1). Porém a lista de poluentes nocivos é dinâmica, nomeadamente, no que se refere aos COVs, e cresce à medida que aumenta a variedade de materiais utilizados em contexto museológico [30]. O O3 é um poluente secundário, sem fonte emissora direta, que se forma na troposfera por meio de reações fotoquímicas complexas nas quais a radiação solar interage com outros gases poluentes, como NOx e COVs.…”