2013
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303643
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A Straightforward Treatment of Activity in Aqueous CaCO3 Solutions and the Consequences for Nucleation Theory

Abstract: The aqueous calcium carbonate system is rigorously investigated with respect to ionic activity. Ideal treatment is found to be a good approximation at relevant concentrations. The data further show that bound CaCO3 species cannot be regarded as "inactive" during nucleation but rather appear to play a key role in the phase-separation process, and that amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) can be precipitated from much lower levels of supersaturation than previously believed.

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Cited by 86 publications
(134 citation statements)
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“…They correspond to the logarithm of the ion activity product divided by the solubility product of the mineral phase of interest. The solubility product of amorphous calcium carbonate used in the present study was obtained by Kellermeier et al (2014).…”
Section: Saturation Indices Calculationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They correspond to the logarithm of the ion activity product divided by the solubility product of the mineral phase of interest. The solubility product of amorphous calcium carbonate used in the present study was obtained by Kellermeier et al (2014).…”
Section: Saturation Indices Calculationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Crystallization processes in confined environments are essential for a wide range of fields, ranging from scaling in pipelines, to biomineralization, to the construction industry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. All of these processes are characterized by a hindered ion diffusion, locally higher supersaturation, and often heterogeneous crystallization.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The crystalline and amorphous structures observed in our experiments indicated the participation of polymer-stablizer liquidlike ACC nanodroplets as the major building blocks in the growth stage, as such complicated structure could not be well explained under the regime of classical crystallization theory [10,19]. However, although observations of the overgrowth indicated an iondominated classical pathway, the roles of other CaCO 3 species such as free ions, ion pairs and small clusters [45,[49][50][51][52] before the final overgrowth stage could not be unambiguously identified based on the previous experiments and data. Nevertheless, both ions and nanoparticles have been found to be the primary units for crystallization according to a recent study on the growth of silicalite-1 [53].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 60%