A study of Ni3S2 synthesized by mechanical alloying for Na/Ni3S2 cell

Liu, Xiaojing; Kang, Sang-Dae; Kim, Jongseon; Ahn, Hyo‐Jun; Lim, Seung-Taek; Ahn, In-Shup

doi:10.1007/s12598-011-0227-3

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the electrochemical property obtained from a full‐cell (NiCo 2 O 4 //Na 0.7 CoO 2 ) seemed more promising (∼250 mAh g −1 based on the weight of NiCo 2 O 4 electrode, higher than the carbon negative electrode). Sulfide compounds, such as FeS 2 and Ni 3 S 2 , have also been investigated as negative electrodes for NIB54–57 and form Na 2 S and nanosized metal particles as a result of the conversion reaction. On the contrary, FeO, CoO, and NiO showed almost no electrochemical activity with Na, while they exhibited excellent performances via the conversion reaction in Li‐cells 47, 58.…”

Section: Negative Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Kim

Seo

et al. 2012

Advanced Energy Materials

3,122

2,051

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Lithium (Li)‐ion batteries (LIB) have governed the current worldwide rechargeable battery market due to their outstanding energy and power capability. In particular, the LIB's role in enabling electric vehicles (EVs) has been highlighted to replace the current oil‐driven vehicles in order to reduce the usage of oil resources and generation of CO2 gases. Unlike Li, sodium is one of the more abundant elements on Earth and exhibits similar chemical properties to Li, indicating that Na chemistry could be applied to a similar battery system. In the 1970s‐80s, both Na‐ion and Li‐ion electrodes were investigated, but the higher energy density of Li‐ion cells made them more applicable to small, portable electronic devices, and research efforts for rechargeable batteries have been mainly concentrated on LIB since then. Recently, research interest in Na‐ion batteries (NIB) has been resurrected, driven by new applications with requirements different from those in portable electronics, and to address the concern on Li abundance. In this article, both negative and positive electrode materials in NIB are briefly reviewed. While the voltage is generally lower and the volume change upon Na removal or insertion is larger for Na‐intercalation electrodes, compared to their Li equivalents, the power capability can vary depending on the crystal structures. It is concluded that cost‐effective NIB can partially replace LIB, but requires further investigation and improvement.

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Section: Negative Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Kim

Seo

et al. 2012

Advanced Energy Materials

3,122

2,051

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“…From the large number of different conversion compounds that have been studied in the last years, the following compounds appear to be the best examined ones for conversion reaction with lithium 18 (the ones that have also been studied in sodium cells are marked by an asterisk): CoO, Co 3 O 4 , CuO*, 10 Fe 2 O 3 , FeO, RuO 2 (oxides); CoS, CuS, Cu 2 S*, 34 FeS*, 35 Ni 3 S 2 * 38,49 (sulphides); CoN, Cu 3 N, Ni 3 N* 50 (nitrides); NiP 2 , Cu 3 P (phosphides); CuF 2 , FeF 2 , TiF 3 (fluorides); CuCl 2 (chlorides); MgH 2 (hydride); NiCo 2 O 4 *. 36 Based on these compounds some systematic series on (i) various copper-nonmetal compounds, (ii) chalcogenides and (iii) halides will be more closely discussed in terms of their conversion reaction with sodium and lithium.…”

Section: Specific Capacities Cell Potentials and Energy Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion reactions for sodium-ion batteries

Klein

Jache

Bhide

et al. 2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

336

360

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Research on sodium-ion batteries has recently been rediscovered and is currently mainly focused on finding suitable electrode materials that enable cell reactions of high energy densities combined with low cost. Naturally, an assessment of potential electrode materials requires a rational comparison with the analogue reaction in lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, we systematically discuss the broad range of different conversion reactions for sodium-ion batteries based on their basic thermodynamic properties and compare them with their lithium analogues. Capacities, voltages, energy densities and volume expansions are summarized to sketch out the scope for future studies in this research field. We show that for a given conversion electrode material, replacing lithium by sodium leads to a constant shift in cell potential ΔE°(Li-Na) depending on the material class. For chlorides ΔE°(Li-Na) equals nearly zero. The theoretical energy densities of conversion reactions of sodium with fluorides or chlorides as positive electrode materials typically reach values between 700 W h kg(-1) and 1000 W h kg(-1). Next to the thermodynamic assessment, results on several conversion reactions between copper compounds (CuS, CuO, CuCl, CuCl2) and sodium are being discussed. Reactions with CuS and CuO were chosen because these compounds are frequently studied for conversion reactions with lithium. Chlorides are interesting because of ΔE°(Li-Na)≈ 0 V. As a result of chloride solubility in the electrolyte, the conversion process proceeds at defined potentials under rather small kinetic limitations.

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“…A broad range of conversion reactions based on sodium has been studied so far: oxides (CuO, − Co 3 O 4 , − NiO, Fe 3 O 4 , − Fe 2 O 3 , − MoO 3 , WO 3 ), sulfides (CoS 2 , Co 3 S 4 , FeS 2 , − WS 2 , , MoS 2 , − Ni 3 S 2 , − Cu 2 S), fluorides (CoF 2 ), phosphides (NiP 3 ), nitrides (VN, Ni 3 N), selenides (FeSe, MoSe, Cu 2 Se), and ternary systems (FeV 2 S 4 , Mo 3 Co 6 S 8 , titanates, NiCo 2 O 4 ). Their cell chemistry has been found to be complex in all cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Mechanism and Surface Film Formation of Conversion Materials for Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries: An XPS Case Study on Sputtered Copper Oxide (CuO) Thin Film Model Electrodes

et al. 2016

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Charge storage based on conversion reactions is a promising concept to store electrical energy. Many studies have been devoted to conversion reactions with lithium; however, still many scientific questions remain due to the complexity of the reaction mechanism combined with surface film formation. Replacing lithium by sodium is an attractive approach to widen the scope of conversion reactions and to study whether the increase in ion size changes the reaction mechanisms and whether the cell performance benefits or worsens. In this study, we use thin film electrodes as a additive-free model system to study the conversion reaction of CuO with sodium (CuO/Na) by means of electrochemical methods, microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The reaction mechanism and film formation are being discussed. Some important differences to the analogue lithium-based system (CuO/Li) are found. Whereas CuO has been reported as charge product in CuO/Li cells, charging is incomplete in the case of CuO/Na and only Cu2O is formed. As an important finding, oxygen appears to be redox active and Na2O2 forms during charging from Na2O. Moreover, surface film formation due to electrolyte decomposition is much more severe as compared to CuO/Li. Depth profiling is used to probe the inner composition of the surface film, revealing a much thicker surface film with more inorganic components as compared to the lithium system. It is also found that the surface film disappears to a large extent during charging.

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A study of Ni3S2 synthesized by mechanical alloying for Na/Ni3S2 cell

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Conversion reactions for sodium-ion batteries

Reaction Mechanism and Surface Film Formation of Conversion Materials for Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries: An XPS Case Study on Sputtered Copper Oxide (CuO) Thin Film Model Electrodes

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