A study of superharmonic injection locking in multiband frequency dividers

This paper presents a degenerated injector (mixer) with transconductance boosted by biasing the mixer transistor in the knee region of its I-V curve, without increasing the transistor size and its parasitics. This mixer can enhance the locking range of millimeter-wave injection-locked frequency dividers. To compensate the degradation of mixer transconductance (conversion-gain) due to the degeneration effect, a neutralization technique is employed. Analyses are given for locking-range and induced phase-noise of the proposed divider for arbitrary injection strength. It is shown that the locking-range, as a function of injection strength, is improved by increasing the fundamental component of transconductance. Using 180-nm CMOS technology, a 1.78-mW divider-bytwo is designed with free-running frequency of 27.92 GHz, locking-range of 51 to 59.6 GHz, and figure-of-merit of 4.83 (GHz/mW). EM simulation results of the proposed and conventional structure are compared, which illustrates 56% improvement in locking-range.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and analysis of a millimeter‐wave injection locked frequency divider with transconductance boosting technique

Abomaashzadeh

Nabavi

Saeedi

2018

“…They are based on locking a low‐frequency oscillator to an incoming signal at its n th harmonic. They are classified as divide‐by‐even number and divide‐by‐odd ILFDs . Divide‐by‐5 ILFD is one of the divide‐by‐odd number ILFDs aimed to reduce RF power consumption and circuit complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide‐band dual‐resonance capacitive cross‐coupled divide‐by‐5 injection‐locked frequency divider

Jang

Huang

2017

Summary A wide locking range divide‐by‐5 injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) is proposed and was implemented in the TSMC 0.18‐μm 1P6M CMOS process. Conventional divide‐by‐5 ILFD has limited locking range. The proposed divide‐by‐5 ILFD is based on a capacitive cross‐coupled voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) with a dual‐resonance resonator, which is implemented in the divide‐by‐5 ILFD to obtain a wide overlapped locking range. At the drain‐source bias VDD of 0.9 V and at the incident power of 0 dBm, the measured locking range of the divide‐by‐5 ILFD is 3.2 GHz, from the incident frequency 9.4 to 12.6 GHz, the percentage is 29.09%. The core power consumption is 2.98 mW. The die area is 0.987 × 1.096 mm2.

“…Divide-by-2 injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] are a popular functional block in high-speed phase locked loops and other wireless transceivers. In the past, many divide-by-2 ILFDs have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divide‐by‐2 LC injection‐locked frequency divider with wide locking range at low and high injection powers

Jang

Liu

Fang

et al. 2016

A wide locking range nMOS divide-by-2 RLC injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) was designed and implemented in the TSMC 0.18-μm BiCMOS process. The ILFD is based on a cross-coupled oscillator with one direct injection MOSFET and a RLC resonator. The RLC resonator is used to extend the locking range so that dual-band locking ranges can be merged in one locking range at both low and high injection powers. At the drain-source bias of 0.9 V for switching transistors, and at the incident power of 0 dBm the locking range of the divide-by-2 ILFD is 7.24 GHz, from the incident frequency 2.65 to 9.89 GHz, the locking range percentage is 115.47%. The power consumption of ILFD core is 8.685 mW. The die area is 0.726 × 0.930 mm 2 .