A study of the performance characteristics of immunoaffinity solid phase microextraction probes for extraction of a range of benzodiazepines

SPE coupled with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by GC with flame ionization detection for the determination of ultra-trace amounts of benzodiazepines

“…Direct determination of BZPs is often difficult, because of the complexity of the matrix and the low concentration of target compounds. Many sample pretreatment procedures, for example liquid–liquid extraction , SPE , solid‐phase microextraction , and liquid‐phase microextraction have been developed for the separation and preconcentration of BZPs.…”

Sample preparation for large‐scale bioanalytical studies based on liquid chromatographic techniques

“…Selective coatings include molecularly imprinted polymer synthesis (M. Zhang, Zeng, Wang, & Chen, 2013b), antibodies immobilized on the surface of a solid support, such as fused-silica fiber or capillaries (designated as immunoaffinity SPME), and those used for isolation of 7-aminoflunitrazepam from urine (Lord, Rajabi, Safari, & Pawliszyn, 2006), benzodiazepines (Lord, Rajabi, Safari, & Pawliszyn, 2007) or penicillin binding protein 2a (Liu et al, 2014). Applications of SPME technique to in vivo sampling for environmental clinical analysis and metabolomic studies are also reported in the literature (e.g.…”

Current Developments and Future Trends in Solid-phase Microextraction Techniques for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analyses

“…84 Immunoaffinity coatings, containing covalently immobilized antibodies on the surface of a fused-silica fiber, are useful for the selective and sensitive extraction of analytes. 85,86 Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) [87][88][89][90] are stable, selective and cross-linked synthetic polymers synthesized by the copolymerization of a monomer with a cross-linker in the presence of a template molecule, and used to coat SPME fibers, inner surfaces of capillaries and sorbent particles. Testosterone-imprinted SPME fiber was developed for the selective extraction of anabolic steroids in urine samples and their analysis by GC-MS. 91 The principle of restricted access materials (RAM), 92 in which commercially available 35-μm LiChrospher RP-18 alkyl-diol-silica and ion exchange diol silica RAM particles are glued to a cleaned stainless-steel wire, has been adopted for direct SPME extraction from blood.…”