A study of the secretion mechanism of the sebaceous gland using three-dimensional reconstruction to examine the morphological relationship between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle in the follicular unit

Wc, Song; Hu, Kyung Seok; Kim, Hyung Jun; Koh, Ki Seok

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08036.x

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In general, the arrector pili muscles of body hairs comprise smooth muscle and connect the follicle to the basement membrane of the epidermal-dermal junction [Song et al, 2005[Song et al, , 2006[Song et al, , 2008. In contrast, the vibrissal capsular muscle originates from the deeply located facial skeletal muscles, and its course and morphology are very different from those of other arrector pili muscles.…”

Section: Functional Location Of Vibrissal Capsular Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

The Morphology of the Rat Vibrissal Follicle-Sinus Complex Revealed by Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Reconstruction

Kim¹,

Koh²,

Lee³

et al. 2010

Cells Tissues Organs

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The vibrissal follicle-sinus complex (FSC) is a sensory receptor of the mammalian integumentary system that is located around the mouth. The purpose of the present study was to identify the actual 3-dimensional structure of the rat vibrissal FSC. Rat skin tissue was serially sectioned at a thickness of 10 µm and then stained with Masson’s trichrome. The serial sections were reconstructed 3-dimensionally using Reconstruct software. The rat vibrissal follicle is a spindle-shaped structure that is embedded within a blood sinus and enveloped within a thick collagenous capsule. The vibrissal FSC is innervated by the deep vibrissal and superficial vibrissal nerves. The deep vibrissal nerve, travelling in the basal-to-apical direction, penetrates the thick collagenous capsule of the vibrissal FSC. The sinus system can be divided into a superior portion, known as the ring sinus, and an inferior portion, known as the cavernous sinus. The ring sinus contains a C-shaped structure, the ringwulst, which is suspended from the mesenchymal sheath of the follicle. Collagenous trabeculae can be seen in the cavernous sinus but not in the ring sinus. The ring sinus encircles the follicle obliquely and asymmetrically. The ringwulst encircles the follicle incompletely, in a C-shaped fashion. This study has demonstrated the previously underappreciated 3-dimensional structure of the vibrissal FSC, which differs from previously reported descriptions, and provides data that will enhance the understanding of vibrissal function.

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Section: Functional Location Of Vibrissal Capsular Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

The Morphology of the Rat Vibrissal Follicle-Sinus Complex Revealed by Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Reconstruction

Kim¹,

Koh²,

Lee³

et al. 2010

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…The structure of the arrector pili muscle has been reported in the literature with regard to hair [10], dermatology [4, 32], anatomy [28], and zoology [1], although many of the details are still controversial. The morphology of the distal ends of the muscle has been studied by several investigators [2, 21–23], and 3D structure models have recently been presented [26, 27]. Although the distal ends of the arrector pili muscle are drawn as if they adhere closely to the basement membrane beneath the layer of the skin epidermis in most literatures, it is notable that the authors of Gray’s anatomy [28] as well as some other papers [22, 23] have illustrated them in a way that shows they are not attached directly to the basement membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady and Temporary Expressions of Smooth Muscle Actin in Hair, Vibrissa, Arrector Pili Muscle, and Other Hair Appendages of Developing Rats

Morioka

Arai

Ihara

2011

Acta Histochem. Cytochem.

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The hair erection muscle, arrector pili, is a kind of smooth muscle located in the mammalian dermis. The immunohistochemical study using an antibody against smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA) showed that the arrector pili muscle develops approximately 1–2 weeks after birth in dorsal and ventral skin, but thereafter they degenerate. The arrector pili muscle was not detected in the mystacial pad during any stage of development, even in the neighboring pelage-type hair follicle. A strong signal of SMA in the skin was located in the dermal sheath as well as in some outer root sheath cells in the hair and vibrissal follicles. Positive areas in the dermal and outer root sheaths were restricted to a lower moiety, particularly areas of similar height, where keratinization of the hair shaft occurs. This rule is valid for both pelage hair follicles and vibrissal follicles. At medium heights of the follicle, SMA staining in the dermal sheath was patchy and distant from the boundary between dermis and epidermis. In contrast to SMA, vimentin was expressed over the entire height of the dermal sheath. Unlike the arrector pili muscle, the expression of SMA in the dermal sheath was observed during fetal, neonatal, and adult stages. The presence of actin-myosin and vimentin fibers in supporting cells is thought to be beneficial for the hair follicle to cope with the movement of the hair shaft, which may be caused by physical contacts with outside materials or by the contraction of internal muscles.

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“…Cross-sectional studies were shown to be the best method of investigating hair follicles [Headington, 1984], with three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction based on serial cross sections, which reveal the actual microstructure and function of hair follicles and their appendages [Song et al, 2005[Song et al, , 2006[Song et al, , 2007. Moreover, our previous 3-D reconstruction study showed that the structure of the vibrissal follicle-sinus complex differed from previous reports [Kim et al, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A Mechanism of Rat Vibrissal Movement Based on Actual Morphology of the Intrinsic Muscle Using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction

Kim

Yoo²,

Lee³

et al. 2012

Cells Tissues Organs

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The vibrissal capsular muscle (VCM) of the rat is known to differ from the arrector pili muscle. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the rat VCM morphologically using three-dimensional reconstruction. The rat snout skin was fixed, processed with routine histological methods, sectioned serially at a thickness of 10 µm, and then stained with Masson’s trichrome. The sectioned images were reconstructed three-dimensionally using ‘Reconstruct’ software. The findings confirmed that the VCM is a skeletal muscle attached to the vibrissal follicle such that the latter is rooted within the former. The VCM encircles the follicle almost entirely, from base to apex, and hooks around the follicle caudally. Each one of these capsular muscles is connected to two adjacent follicles in the same row. They overlap each other in the lower part, as the rostral follicular muscle that surrounds the caudal follicle. The present findings suggest that the vibrissae are able to move more freely (under voluntary control) than other general arrector pili muscles, in line with their sensory function.

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A study of the secretion mechanism of the sebaceous gland using three-dimensional reconstruction to examine the morphological relationship between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle in the follicular unit

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

The Morphology of the Rat Vibrissal Follicle-Sinus Complex Revealed by Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Reconstruction

The Morphology of the Rat Vibrissal Follicle-Sinus Complex Revealed by Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Reconstruction

Steady and Temporary Expressions of Smooth Muscle Actin in Hair, Vibrissa, Arrector Pili Muscle, and Other Hair Appendages of Developing Rats

A Mechanism of Rat Vibrissal Movement Based on Actual Morphology of the Intrinsic Muscle Using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction

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