A Study of the Urban Landscape in the 19c European Landscape Paintings

Abstract

In order to obtain a guide to Urban landscape planning， 出 is paper examines the characteristic of the elements composing landscape paintings in the lgCEurope ， oI which a perspect孟 ve dlaw − ing a ． nd a good proportlon make a quantitative analysis possible ． Specifically ， each elements of short ． distance landscape ， medium ・ distance landscape and lo皿 g − distance landscape ， how ar6 し he whole landscape composed of the elements ， the viewpoint of a painter and the distance between the point of view and the land § cape are discussed mainly by quantification theory ． The τesults are as follows ： 1) The greenery and the water surface should be in sight even if the ratio of them to 山 e whole ' landscape is low． 2 ) When we take account of urban ｝ andscape planning， it should be required that the objects ， for instance trees ， buildings and streets ， are about 200 meters ， about from 300 meters to 600 meters ， and 血 ore than l OOO meters of the viewpoint ． 3) The urban landscape consists of two essential factors as follows ： the one is streets and 」 riv − ers which represents urban linear structure ， the other is greenery and a cluster of buildings which represents urban plane structure ．． 外) The urban landscape is classified by these factQrs into 6 groups ： ( 1)

A Study of Landscape Features in the Coastal Area of the Seto Inland Sea Based on Landscape Paintings

“…Since then, local governments and organizations have begun to develop their own landscape planning, an essential part of which is the preservation and regeneration of “good scenery” mentioned in the Landscape Law [ 1 ]. At the same time, in addition to conducting questionnaires and expert evaluations, scholars have also used local resources to explore excellent local landscape characteristics from an academic perspective, such as local landscape paintings [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], poems [ 9 ], folk songs [ 10 ], etc. Among them, landscape paintings provide a more abundant and objective representation of the “good and distinctive local scenery” mentioned in the Landscape Law, and so they are widely used in local landscape analysis; thus, comprehensive research on landscape paintings is fundamental and necessary for the subsequent landscape planning work.…”

“…Previous landscape analysis of landscape paintings has mainly focused on the two aspects of landscape: elements and viewpoint area. In terms of landscape element analysis, for example, Hagishima [ 2 ] clarified the significant landscape elements into different spatial distances (i.e., short, medium, and long) and classified the landscapes into six groups based on 19th-century European oil landscape paintings. Shimizu [ 5 ] and Iwasaki [ 6 ] deeply studied one essential landscape element depicted in landscape paintings.…”

“…To avoid interference from other information in landscape feature analysis, the features that are highly related to the landscape’s element configuration and color features can be selected. In terms of spatial information, landscape elements at different distances have commonly been analyzed in previous studies [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], which can simplify and effectively clarify the spatial arrangement features of landscape elements; other features, such as angle or depth, put more emphasis on viewpoint features, which require more information about the viewpoint where the painter painted. Thus, in this study, we selected three features to comprehensively analyze landscape paintings: (1) the element configuration, (2) the color as planar information, and (3) the element arrangement as spatial information.…”