A study of voluntary and involuntary finger conditioning.

Effects of instructions on the extinction of a conditioned finger-withdrawal response.

“…The present study is most comparable to a study by Wickens (1939) in which 5s did not inhibit a well-established finger-withdrawal CR when asked to do so. Wickens' study and the present study found that the appropriate instructions did not produce one trial extinction of the conditioned finger-withdrawal response.…”

Effects of instructions and subject's need for approval on the conditioned galvanic skin response.

“…Hilgard and Humphreys (1938) performed a classic experiment on the effect of supporting and antagonistic instructions on conditioned eyelid discrimination. Subsequent investigations have demonstrated the efficacy of both facilitatory and inhibitory instructions in eyelid conditioning (Gormezano & Moore, 1962;Nicholls & Kimble, 1964;Norris & Grant, 1948) ; and similar results have been obtained using the finger withdrawal response (Lindley & Moyer, 1961;Moyer & Lindley, 1962;Wickens, 1939).…”

The relation of drive to finger-withdrawal conditioning.

“…The relation of drive to a variety of responses should be investigated. There is experimental evidence that a distinction between voluntary and involuntary fingerwithdrawal responses is not impossible (Moyer & Lindley, 1961;Wickens, 1939;Yacorzynski & Guthrie, 1937). Development of valid criteria for making this distinction may be requisite to a clearer determination of drive effect on fingerwithdrawal conditioning.…”