For the vast majority of geostationary satellites currently in orbit, station
keeping activities including orbit determination and maneuver planning and execution are
ground-directed and dependent on the availability of ground-based satellite control
personnel and facilities. However, a requirement linked to satellite autonomy and
survivability in cases of interrupted ground support is often one of the stipulated
provisions on the satellite platform design. It is especially important for a
geostationary military-purposed satellite to remain within its designated orbital
window, in order to provide reliable uninterrupted telecommunications services, in the
absence of ground-based resources due to warfare or other disasters. In this paper we
investigate factors affecting the robustness of a geostationary satellite’s orbit in
terms of the maximum duration the satellite’s station keeping window can be maintained
without ground intervention. By comparing simulations of orbit evolution, given
different initial conditions and operations strategies, a variation of parameters study
has been performed and we have analyzed which factors the duration is most sensitive to.
This also provides valuable insights into which factors may be worth controlling by a
military or civilian geostationary satellite operator. Our simulations show that the
most beneficial factor for maximizing the time a satellite will remain in the station
keeping window is the operational practice of pre-emptively loading East-West station
keeping maneuvers for automatic execution on board the satellite should ground control
capability be lost. The second most beneficial factor is using short station keeping
maneuver cycle durations.