A study on the optimal hydraulic loading rate and plant ratios in recirculation aquaponic system

Endut, Azizah; Jusoh, Ahmad; Ali, Nora’aini; Nik, W.B. Wan; Hassan, A.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.040

Cited by 194 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…In the case of the NO3 − -N, the concentration of both treatments was within the previously reported range of 5 to 32 mg/L in aquaponic systems [9,24,[31][32][33] and the plants did not present visual nitrogen deficiencies symptoms. However the concentration was lower than the minimum reported by several authors [10,18] for hydroponic production and could be the cause of the pak choy low weight.…”

Section: Fish and Plant Productionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Evaluation of Biomass Yield and Water Treatment in Two Aquaponic Systems Using the Dynamic Root Floating Technique (DRF)

et al. 2015

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were measured in fish culture and hydroponic culture once a week at two times, morning (9:00 a.m.) and afternoon (3:00 p.m.). The fish biomass production was not different in any treatment (p > 0.05) and the total plant yield was greater (p < 0.05) in PAK than in COR. For the hydroponic culture in the a.m., the PO4 in PAK than in COR. The PAK treatment demonstrated higher food production and water treatment efficiency than the other two treatments.

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Section: Fish and Plant Productionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Evaluation of Biomass Yield and Water Treatment in Two Aquaponic Systems Using the Dynamic Root Floating Technique (DRF)

et al. 2015

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“…As flow rates increased, the authors observed an increase in plant nutrient uptake for N (+87.8%), P (+58.3%), K (+73.9%), Ca (+89.1%) and Mg (+74.3%) coupled with increase in root and shoot length and biomass, fruit yield per plant and also water use efficiency (from 5.54 to 7.16 kg m -3 as flow rate increased from 0.067 to 0.1 L min -1 ). In a five-weeks trial, Endut et al (2009Endut et al ( , 2010 investigated different constant flow rates (Table 1) in an AP system with catfish (Clarius gariepinus; initial density = 25 kg m -3 ) and water spinach (100 plants m -2 ) planted in gravelfilled grow beds. The highest fish (45.7 kg m -3 ), and plant (17.9 kg bed -1 ) production and the highest NO3-N (64.9%), and TP (52.8%) removal were observed at 1.6 L min -1 , whereas the highest removal for BOD5 (65.5%), TSS (82.9%), TAN (78.3%) and NO2-N (89.5%) was found at 4.0 L min -1 .…”

Section: Effects Of Water Recirculation Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest fish (45.7 kg m -3 ), and plant (17.9 kg bed -1 ) production and the highest NO3-N (64.9%), and TP (52.8%) removal were observed at 1.6 L min -1 , whereas the highest removal for BOD5 (65.5%), TSS (82.9%), TAN (78.3%) and NO2-N (89.5%) was found at 4.0 L min -1 . Assuming that the optimum hydraulic loading rate is determined by a compromise between fish and plant production, 1.6 L min -1 can be considered the optimal water flow rate in this AP system (Endut et al, 2009(Endut et al, , 2010. Similar flow rates, but with much higher complete fish tank water recirculation (Table 1) due to smaller fish tank volume were used by Nuwansi et al (2016) in a 45-day experiment, which was conducted in a micro aquaponic system with a fish tank (70 L) with koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var.…”

Section: Effects Of Water Recirculation Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Halving the pump operation times has a positive influence on both economic and environmental considerations. Most of the papers examined suggest that from 2.3 to 18 fish tank water recirculations per day (Table 1) should be adopted to maximise system performance in terms of fish growth, plant growth and nutrients removal, but in many cases different water recirculation rates correspond to the same water flow (Endut et al, 2009(Endut et al, , 2010Nuwansi et al, 2016). Considering the above reported literature, the water flow speed through the roots bringing fresh molecules is of greatest importance, with better performance between 0.8 L min -1 and 8.0 L min -1 (Table 1) Khater et al, 20150.8-2.4-4 16.5-49.4-82.3 Nuwansi et al, 2016 12-24- 48 densities, different hydroponic systems and plant species.…”

Section: Effects Of Water Recirculation Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroponic systems and water management in aquaponics: a review

et al. 2017

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Aquaponics (AP), the integrated multi-trophic fish and plants production in quasi-closed recirculating system, is one of the newest sustainable food production systems. The hydroponic component of the AP directly influences water quality (in turn influencing fish growth and health), and water consumption (through evapotranspiration) of the entire system. In order to assess the role of the design and the management of the hydroponic component on the overall performance, and water consumption of the aquaponics, 122 papers published from 1979 to 2017 were reviewed. Although no unequivocal results were found, the nutrient film technique appears in several aspects less efficient than medium-based or floating raft hydroponics. The best system performance in terms of fish and plant growth, and the highest nutrient removal from water was achieved at water flow between 0.8 L min -1 and 8.0 L min -1 . Data on water consumption of aquaponics are scarce, and no correlation between the ratio of hydroponic unit surface/fish tank volume and the system water loss was found. However, daily water loss was positively correlated with the hydroponic surface/fish tank volume ratio if the same experimental conditions and/or systems were compared. The plant species grown in hydroponics influenced the daily water loss in aquaponics, whereas no effect was exerted by the water flow (reciprocating flood/drain cycle or constant flow) or type (medium-based, floating or nutrient film technique) of hydroponics.

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“…Lennard and Leonard [52], comparing NFT, floating rafts and media beds, found DO of the process water to decrease over all three types of hydroponic beds. In media bed systems, plant roots and media can provide a surface area for nitrifying bacteria and solid capture [52,53].…”

Section: Controlling N Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Means and Ends in Aquaculture Production—Part 4: The Mapping of Technical Solutions onto Multiple Treatment Functions

Vilbergsson¹,

Oddsson²,

Unnþórsson³

2016

Water

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Designing aquaculture production units will require decisions on which treatment to include, e.g., the intensification of the system, and then a decision on a technical solution for each treatment function selected to implement. To complicate matters, each technical solution is not unique to each treatment function, but has a multiple effect on the system. This interaction of a technical solution to multiple treatment functions will play a part in the decision making process. Previous work by the authors has made a taxonomy of all technical solutions for the treatment function, and in this article, how technical solutions affect treatment functions is mapped. The article views the aquaculture production system as a transformation process with three sets of functions, input, treatment and output. Based on a comprehensive literature review where all technical solutions were found and categorized into a taxonomy, their effect on treatment function was mapped using a quality function deployment (QFD). The result is a matrix that gives an evaluation on the interaction. This work is a step towards an aquaculture engineering design methodology.

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A study on the optimal hydraulic loading rate and plant ratios in recirculation aquaponic system

Cited by 194 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of Biomass Yield and Water Treatment in Two Aquaponic Systems Using the Dynamic Root Floating Technique (DRF)

Evaluation of Biomass Yield and Water Treatment in Two Aquaponic Systems Using the Dynamic Root Floating Technique (DRF)

Hydroponic systems and water management in aquaponics: a review

Taxonomy of Means and Ends in Aquaculture Production—Part 4: The Mapping of Technical Solutions onto Multiple Treatment Functions

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