A Surface Plasmon Resonance Bio-Sensor Based on Dual Core D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fibre Embedded With Silver Nanowires for Multisensing

Abstract

In this paper, for sensing and monitoring the biochemical analyte dissolved in liquid, antigen-antibody interaction or protein-DNA/RNA binding process, we design a surface plasmon resonance refractive index based biosensor by using a dual core D-shaped six-fold photonic crystal fibre which is embedded with silver nanowires for multi-detection. We numerically analyze both the dispersion relations and the loss spectra for various analytes by finite element method. This optical fibre bio-sensor monitors the changes of the refractive index for different analytes by measuring the spectral shifts of the fibre loss peaks at their resonance wavelengths. With the wavelength interrogation method, we find that the proposed biosensor with two sensing channels exhibits a maximum refractive index sensitivity of 3400 nm/RIU and a resolution of 2.94 × 10 −5 RIU for a large sensing range from 1.35 to 1.50, which covers most known analytes of proteins, viruses or DNA/RNA. By utilizing 200 nm silver nanowires in the sensing channels, the sensitivity can be enhanced up to 4000 nm/RIU. Due to its special twochannel design for multi-sensing, it is possible to distinguish/study the binding possibility/capability of unknown analyte with two different target proteins simultaneously. Further, by introducing another critical channel, the confinement loss for either channel I or channel II can be greatly enhanced for high accurate result and more reliable sensing. Moreover, we numerically prove that the diameter of nano silver wires has great influences on the sensing peaks and sensitivity of the proposed biosensor.

Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Temperature Sensor with Outer Surface Metal Coating on Multi-Core Photonic Crystal Fibre

“…The width of each segmented gold film is about 5 µm and the thickness of the analyte/temperature sensing material layer is set as 3 µm. Typical length of PCF-SPR sensors is in the range of 10-25 mm [22,23]. A perfectly matched layer (PML) is introduced around the temperature sensitive material to absorb incident radiation without producing any back reflections.…”

Multichannel Fiber Optic SPR Sensors: Realization Methods, Application Status, and Future Prospects

“…The realization of multichannel sensing for a single parameter mainly revolves around WDM technology. [148,149] Among them, forming SPR dips at different positions by adjusting the incident angle is an effective method to realize multichannel sensing. In 1999, Obando and Booksh have proved the feasibility of adjusting the characteristic wavelength of SPR based on changing the incident angle.…”

A Reconfigurable Surface-Plasmon-Based Filter/Sensor Using D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber

“…Photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are a new type of fiber that has a flexible structure and various unique features, such as high nonlinearity [1], engineered dispersion profile over the region of interest [2,3], high birefringence [4], endless single mode, low transmission loss [2][3][4][5] and easy filling of materials in fiber [6][7][8]. PCF has been extended to plasmonic devices by filling them with various metals, such as gold [9][10][11][12][13], silver [14,15], copper [16] and titanium [17]. Surface plasmon (SP) develops at the metal/dielectric interface when plasmonic materials are exposed to electromagnetic waves due to the collective oscillations of conduction electrons [18].…”

“…The external sensing technique was used to detect the refractive index of the analyte and obtained the sensitivity of 3000 nm/RIU for the sensing range of 1.46-1.49 [35]. The surface-plasmonbased sensors using silver as a coating material are being reported by many authors in their literature [14,15,36].…”