A survey of quantum key distribution protocols

Javed, Mohammed; Aziz, Khurram

doi:10.1145/1838002.1838046

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…BB84 Protocol: In 1984, QKD protocol was proposed for the first time by G. Brassard et al [42]. This protocol is mainly designed based on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and which is also familiarized as BB84 protocol [43]. The steps of BB84 protocol are given below [33] :…”

Section: A Some Major Quantum Key Distribution Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After that, if Bob chooses the correct base, he is able to measure the precise state; otherwise, he is not able to acquire the bit [53]. By using SARG04 protocol, H. K. Lo et al successfully proved the security of photon pluses [43]. When Poissonian source produces a weak signal, an imprecise detector receives that signal SARG04 protocol is used in that situation [56].…”

Section: Sarg04 Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum Communication Systems: Vision, Protocols, Applications, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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The growth of modern technological sectors have risen to such a spectacular level that the blessings of technology have spread to every corner of the world, even to remote corners. At present, technological development finds its basis in the theoretical foundation of classical physics in every field of scientific research, such as wireless communication, visible light communication, machine learning, and computing. The performance of the conventional communication systems is becoming almost saturated due to the usage of bits. The usage of quantum bits in communication technology has already surpassed the limits of existing technologies and revealed to us a new path in developing technological sectors. Implementation of quantum technology over existing system infrastructure not only provides better performance but also keeps the system secure and reliable. This technology is very promising for future communication systems. This review article describes the fundamentals of quantum communication, vision, design goals, information processing, and protocols. Besides, quantum communication system model is also proposed here. This research included and explained the prospective applications of quantum technology over existing technological systems, along with the potential challenges of obtaining the goal.INDEX TERMS quantum bridge keeper, quantum computing, quantum communication network, quantum key distribution, qubits.

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Section: A Some Major Quantum Key Distribution Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sarg04 Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Communication Systems: Vision, Protocols, Applications, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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“…Stephen Wiesner [4]proposed the concept of quantum cryptographic procedures by using "conjugate coding" which opened the research gates for achieving secure communications by exploiting the laws of quantum physics. Quantum cryptography relies on the subtle properties of quantum no-cloning, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, superposition, and entanglement (also known as spooky action at a distance) to accomplish tasks that are otherwise considered intractable using classical cryptography (such as unconditionally secure key distribution, resilience to quantum attacks against classical cryptography and detection of the presence of eavesdropping as a measure of disturbance to the quantum channel).…”

Section: Figure1: Pictorial Illustration Of the Research Flow Adapted...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposed by Bennet in 1992, this protocol uses one of the two polarization bases used in BB84 (either rectilinear or diagonal); therefore, the receiver measures no output in case of unmatched polarization basis. Resultantly, it offers intrusion detection at lower key rates with efficiency reduced to one-half as compared to BB84 [4].…”

Section: B92 Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum Key Distribution for Secure Communications

Najeeb

Masood

Fazil

2022

IJIST

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Data protection and information security have been the essence of communication in today's digital era. Authentication and secrecy of secure communication are achieved using key-based cryptographic primitives; the security of which significantly relies upon the underlying computationally complex mathematics. Moreover, these existing cryptographic primitives are considered to be non-deterministic on the basis of the existing computational capabilities. However, the considerable advancements in the development of quantum computers have significantly enhanced parallel computations; thereby, posing a great threat to these existing encryption primitives. Thus, in the future, the physical manifestation of a large successful quantum computer is likely to break all the existing public-key encryption algorithms in no time. This has led to a remarkable surge of interest in propelling quantum mechanics into existence; subsequently, leading cryptographers to research various viable domains to offer quantum-resistant secure communications. Resultantly, quantum cryptography/quantum key distribution has emerged as a futuristic replacement for classical cryptography as it offers unconditionally secure communication along with the inherent detection of any unintended user. Thus, keeping in view the significance of this relatively newer domain of cryptography, this research focuses on presenting a consolidated review of the various Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols. A comparative analysis of the working mechanism of the prominent QKD protocols is presented along with an overview of the various emerging trends that have been proposed to optimize the implementational efficiency of the BB84 protocol.

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Analyzing the contribution of material science in quantum cryptography: A scientometric study

Sharma,

Gupta,

Sood

2023

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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Quantum cryptography (QC) provides security to information through laws of nature, particularly quantum mechanics. The necessity of making QC a living reality has provided the impetus to advancement in material science, which led to many publications since 1996. Therefore, in this work, we analyze the articles in the Scopus database concerning the contribution of material science in the development of QC through scientometric methods. A total of 1395 articles published from 1996 to 2022 were retrieved from the Scopus database. Subsequently, these articles were analyzed to retrieve publication patterns, major collaborating nations, significant documents, recent trends, and future directions. A comprehensive introduction to QC is also included to facilitate a better grasp of this field for a wide range of readers. The findings of this study show that China is the leading nation in developing QC through material science, closely followed by the United States and India. Moreover, the study indicates significant areas of QC where extensive work is being done from the material science standpoint through keyword and significant document analysis. Hence, the outcomes of this article can be valuable for researchers, newcomers, technology managers, and policymakers interested in the future of QC.

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A survey of quantum key distribution protocols

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Quantum Communication Systems: Vision, Protocols, Applications, and Challenges

Quantum Communication Systems: Vision, Protocols, Applications, and Challenges

Quantum Key Distribution for Secure Communications

Analyzing the contribution of material science in quantum cryptography: A scientometric study

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