A systematic analysis of PM2.5 in Beijing and its sources from 2000 to 2012

Lv, Baolei; Zhang, Bin; Bai, Yuqi

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.031

Cited by 108 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Source apportionment studies of PM 2.5 in China using receptor models have also been reviewed recently covering a wide range of topics (Liang et al, 2016;Lv et al, 2016;Pui et al, 2014;. However, a general summary of spatial-temporal patterns of PM 2.5 source factors and their relative contributions is still lacking, which is the focus of the discussion below.…”

Section: Source Apportionment Of Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To obtain a thorough knowledge of PM 2.5 chemical composition and its impact on aerosol optical properties across China, existing field studies conducted after the year 2000 are reviewed and summarized in terms of geographical, interannual and seasonal distributions. Annual PM 2.5 was up to 6 times the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in some megacities in northern China. Annual PM 2.5 was higher in northern than southern cities, and higher in inland than coastal cities. In a few cities with data longer than a decade, PM 2.5 showed a slight decrease only in the second half of the past decade, while carbonaceous aerosols decreased, sulfate (SO 2− 4 ) and ammonium (NH + 4 ) remained at high levels, and nitrate (NO − 3 ) increased. The highest seasonal averages of PM 2.5 and its major chemical components were typically observed in the cold seasons. Annual average contributions of secondary inorganic aerosols to PM 2.5 ranged from 25 to 48 %, and those of carbonaceous aerosols ranged from 23 to 47 %, both with higher contributions in southern regions due to the frequent dust events in northern China. Source apportionment analysis identified secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion and traffic emission as the top three source factors contributing to PM 2.5 mass in most Chinese cities, and the sum of these three source factors explained 44 to 82 % of PM 2.5 mass on annual average across China. Biomass emission in most cities, industrial emission in industrial cities, dust emission in northern cities and ship emission in coastal cities are other major source factors, each of which contributed 7-27 % to PM 2.5 mass in applicable cities.The geographical pattern of scattering coefficient (b sp ) was similar to that of PM 2.5 , and that of aerosol absorption coefficient (b ap ) was determined by elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration and its coating. b sp in ambient condition of relative humidity (RH) = 80 % can be amplified by about 1.8 times that under dry conditions. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 60 % of aerosol extinction coefficient (b ext ) at RH greater than 70 %. The mass scattering efficiency (MSE) of PM 2.5 ranged from 3.0 to 5.0 m 2 g −1 for aerosols produced from anthropogenic emissions and from 0.7 to 1.0 m 2 g −1 for natural dust aerosols. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC ranged from 6.5 to 12.4 m 2 g −1 in urban environments, but the MAE of water-soluble organic carbon was only 0.05 to 0.11 m 2 g −1 . Historical emission control policies in China and their effectiveness were discussed based on available chemically resolved PM 2.5 data, which provides the much needed knowledge for guiding future studies and emissions policies.

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Section: Source Apportionment Of Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

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“…Sulfur and nitric oxide (SOx and NO), the primary pollutants of PM 2.5 , have had a tremendous effect on the urban air quality and human exposure in China . Much work and funding have been devoted to their emission control, and various kinds of technologies, such as liquid‐phase absorption, adsorption, and catalysis based porous materials, have been developed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of pyrolusite as additive to activated coke for low‐temperature NO removal

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2017

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Pyrolusite was used as additive to prepare coal‐based activated coke (AC) for low‐temperature NO removal. The pyrolusite modified AC was prepared by a blending method, and the denitrification performance was evaluated in a lab‐scale simulated fixed‐bed reactor. RESULTS The blending of pyrolusite promoted the specific surface area and pore structure of AC, even though the MnO2 and Fe2O3 showed inhibitory effects when blended separately. Both the basic and acid sites of AC‐Mn(x) increased owing to the participation of the blended MnO2 during the activation, while the blending of Fe2O3 showed an inhibited effect. AC‐P10 showed the highest NO removal efficiency at 74.2%, which was 32.8%, 27.0% and 24.2% higher than that of AC, AC‐Mn4 and AC‐Fe6. The operating temperature adaptability and stability of catalysis activity of AC‐P10 are good. Manganese is the main catalyst of AC‐P(x), and Fe is an accelerant to stimulate the catalytic activity of Mn. The extremely high NO removal activity of AC‐P(x) was due to the synergistic effect of surface functional groups and metals, but the catalysis of metals played a more important role. CONCLUSION Pyrolusite is suitable to prepare the AC‐based denitrification catalyst (AC‐P(x)) for SCR NO removal because the Mn and Fe contained in the pyrolusite showed a synergistic effect. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…The source apportionment model is widely used to analyze the contribution of emission sources to PM in atmosphere and develop pollution control strategies (Khan et al, 2010), and fugitive dust is identified as one of the staple sources of PM (Chen et al, 2010a;Kumar et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2013;Lv et al, 2016). According to previous studies, the contribution of dust to PM 10 and PM 2.5 is 19%-65% and 3-46%, respectively (Samara et al, 2003;Almeida et al, 2006;Bi et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2014;Cheng et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 Source Profiles of Fugitive Dust in Zhengzhou, China

Jiang

Dong

et al. 2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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As a result of rapid urbanization, the road lengths and built-up areas in Zhengzhou are steadily expanding along with increasing fugitive dust emissions. Identifying the physical and chemical characteristics and the chemical profiles of fugitive dust is important in achieving effective atmospheric pollution management. In this study, soil dust, road dust (RD), building demolition dust, and cement (CE) were chosen as the research objects. A total of 94 dust samples were collected from 20 sites. PM 2.5 (particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (particulate matter with diameter ≤ 10 µm) samples were obtained by using a re-suspension device and their physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The scanning electron microscopy of four types of dust particles showed that most of the dust particles presented an irregular shape. In terms of particle size distribution, the mass concentration of PM 2.5 accounted for less than 10% of the total PM 10 , whereas the number concentration of PM 2.5 accounted for more than 96% of the total number. Chemical component analysis revealed that crustal elements such as Al, Mg, Fe, and K were abundant in all samples, and they were the most abundant species in PM 2.5 and PM 10 in the reconstruction results. The percentage of NO 3 -in the RD sample was higher than that in the other three fugitive dust samples because of the influence of vehicles. Furthermore, the CE sample had higher SO 4 2-and Ca 2+ percentages than the other three types of fugitive dust samples. Enrichment factor analysis showed that the significant enrichment of Cd and Ag was mainly caused by anthropogenic sources. The coefficients of divergence values between the profiles for different sites of dust ranged from 0.21 to 0.68, indicating the fugitive dust profiles from various sites mostly different. The chemical profiles of four dust sources obtained from this study is limited in Zhengzhou.

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A systematic analysis of PM2.5 in Beijing and its sources from 2000 to 2012

Cited by 108 publications

References 90 publications

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

Suitability of pyrolusite as additive to activated coke for low‐temperature NO removal

Characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 Source Profiles of Fugitive Dust in Zhengzhou, China

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A systematic analysis of PM2.5 in Beijing and its sources from 2000 to 2012

Cited by 108 publications

References 90 publications

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

Suitability of pyrolusite as additive to activated coke for low‐temperature NO removal

Characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 Source Profiles of Fugitive Dust in Zhengzhou, China

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A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China