A systematic review of cardiovascular responses associated with ambient black carbon and fine particulate matter

Kirrane, Ellen; Luben, Thomas J.; Benson, Adam F; Owens, Elizabeth Oesterling; Sacks, Jason D.; Dutton, S; Madden, Meagan; Nichols, James Hastings

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.027

Cited by 124 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Because of the small size of its components, PM 2.5 is easily inhaled into the airway and deposited in lung alveoli [4]. Particles that deposit in the alveolar tissue can translocate from the alveoli into the bloodstream to affect the cardiovascular system [5]. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM 2.5 increases the risk of a number of cardiorespiratory illnesses, such as asthma [6], bronchitis [7], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [8], coronary artery disease [9] and heart failure [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin protects against PM2.5-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction independent of AMP-activated protein kinase α2

et al. 2020

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Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) airborne pollution increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Although metformin is a well-known antidiabetic drug, it also confers protection against a series of diseases through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, whether metformin affects PM2.5-induced adverse health effects has not been investigated. In this study, we exposed wild-type (WT) and AMPKα2−/− mice to PM2.5 every other day via intratracheal instillation for 4 weeks. After PM2.5 exposure, the AMPKα2−/− mice developed more severe lung injury and cardiac dysfunction than were developed in the WT mice; however the administration of metformin was effective in attenuating PM2.5-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction in both the WT and AMPKα2−/− mice. In the PM2.5-exposed mice, metformin treatment resulted in reduced systemic and pulmonary inflammation, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, suppressed induction of pulmonary and myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress, and increased levels of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, pretreatment with metformin significantly attenuated PM2.5-induced cell death and oxidative stress in control and AMPKα2-depleted BEAS-2B and H9C2 cells, and was associated with preserved expression of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. These data support the notion that metformin protects against PM2.5-induced adverse health effects through a pathway that appears independent of AMPKα2. Our findings suggest that metformin may also be a novel drug for therapies that treat air pollution associated disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin protects against PM2.5-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction independent of AMP-activated protein kinase α2

et al. 2020

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“…Inhaled PM 2.5 can get deposited in different compartments in the respiratory tract and interact with epithelial cells and resident immune cells, inducing local or systematic inflammatory responses ( Wei and Tang, 2018 ). Thus, if the particulates are virus laden, the exposure may worsen the health condition of an individual, by not only infecting a person with COVID-19 but could also impact the individual immune system, thereby increasing the viral infectivity, morbidity and mortality, especially in children and adults ( Pope III, 2007 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Pope et al, 2018 ; Kirrane et al, 2019 ; Tsatsakis et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Interactions Of Virus-laden Nuclei With Particulate Matter Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding air and water borne transmission and survival of coronavirus: Insights and way forward for SARS-CoV-2

Wathore

Gupta

Bherwani

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in unprecedented disease burden, healthcare costs, and economic impacts worldwide. Despite several measures, SARS-CoV-2 has been extremely impactful due to its extraordinary infection potential mainly through coronavirus-borne saliva respiratory and droplet nuclei of an infected person and its considerable stability on surfaces. Although the disease has affected over 180 countries, its extent and control are significantly different across the globe, making it a strong case for exploration of its behavior and dependence across various environmental pathways and its interactions with the virus. This has spurred efforts to characterize the coronavirus and understand the factors impacting its transmission and survival such as aerosols, air quality, meteorology, chemical compositions and characteristics of particles and surfaces, which are directly or indirectly associated with coronaviruses infection spread. Nonetheless, many peer-reviewed articles have studied these aspects but mostly in isolation; a complete array of coronavirus survival and transmission from an infected individual through air- and water-borne channels and its subsequent intractions with environmental factors, surfaces, particulates and chemicals is not comprehensively explored. Particulate matter (PM) is omnipresent with variable concentrations, structures and composition, while most of the surfaces are also covered by PM of different characteristics. Learning from the earlier coronavirus studies, including SARS and MERS, an attempt has been made to understand the survival of SARS-CoV-2 outside of the host body and discuss the probable air and water-borne transmission routes and its interactions with the outside environment. The present work 1) Helps appreciate the role of PM, its chemical constituents and surface characteristics and 2) Further identifies gaps in this field and suggests possible domains to work upon for better understanding of transmission and survival of this novel coronavirus.

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“…Speci cally, the mean concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), PCDF, PCDD far exceeded the daily limit of Air Quality Standards of China (Table S9). Moreover, the metal elements and anions were also analyzed, and the sums of metal elements and anions were 3.57×10 3 ng/m 3 , 3.12×10 4 ng/m 3 (Table S8). The levels of chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) far exceeded the daily limit (Table S9).…”

Section: Characterization Of Real Ambient Pm Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric restriction attenuates C57BL/6J mouse lung injury and extra-pulmonary toxicity induced by real ambient particulate matter exposure

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Caloric restriction (CR) is known to improve health and extend lifespan in human beings. The effects of CR on adverse health outcomes in response to particulate matter (PM) exposure and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be defined.Results: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a CR diet or ad libitum (AL) and exposed to PM for 4 weeks in a real-ambient PM exposure system located at Shijiazhuang, China, with a daily mean concentration (95.77 μg/m³) of PM2.5. Compared to AL-fed mice, CR-fed mice showed attenuated PM-induced pulmonary injury and extra-pulmonary toxicity characterized by reduction in oxidative stress, DNA damage and inflammation. RNA sequence analysis revealed that several pulmonary pathways that were involved in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokine production, and inflammatory cell activation were inactivated, while those mediating antioxidant generation and DNA repair were activated in CR-fed mice upon PM exposure. In addition, transcriptome analysis of murine livers revealed that CR led to induction of xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification pathways, corroborated by increased levels of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and decreased cytotoxicity measured in an ex vivo assay.Conclusion: These novel results demonstrate, for the first time, that CR in mice confers resistance against pulmonary injuries and extra-pulmonary toxicity induced by PM exposure. CR led to activation of xenobiotic metabolism and enhanced detoxification of PM-bound chemicals. These findings provide evidence that dietary intervention may afford therapeutic means to reduce the health risk associated with PM exposure.

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A systematic review of cardiovascular responses associated with ambient black carbon and fine particulate matter

Cited by 124 publications

References 81 publications

Metformin protects against PM2.5-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction independent of AMP-activated protein kinase α2

Metformin protects against PM2.5-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction independent of AMP-activated protein kinase α2

Understanding air and water borne transmission and survival of coronavirus: Insights and way forward for SARS-CoV-2

Caloric restriction attenuates C57BL/6J mouse lung injury and extra-pulmonary toxicity induced by real ambient particulate matter exposure

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