A Systems-Based Framework for Design and Analysis of an R and D Structure

Abstract

A critical challenge for managerial effectiveness and competitive advantage in research and development (R and D) organizations is developing an appropriate structural configuration. However, in finding an appropriate structural configuration, R and D managers are faced with unprecedented levels of uncertainty, ambiguity, and accelerating complexity, coupled with demands for increased productivity. This paper develops a systems-based framework to support rigorous design, analysis, and transformation of the structure for R and D organizations. The framework development includes: (1) a review of the literature for the nature and role of the structure in R and D management; (2) setting of the R and D structure problem from a systems perspective; (3) establishing a systems view of R and D structure; (4) articulation of a systems-based framework for R and D structure drawing on management cybernetics and systems theory; and (5) an application of the framework to design the structure for a multidisciplinary R and D center. The paper concludes with implications and utility of the framework for practicing R and D managers challenged with structuring an R and D organization.

Information Technology Governance through the Complex System Governance Lens

“…In their application of a systems-based framework to the design, analysis, maintenance, and transformation of organizational structures of an R&D organization, Katina et al (2017) identified the need for complex systems design to provide balance among structural of design, control, and change. VSM is focused on two primary concerns with respect to system structure:…”

“…(1) the arrangement of the structural components that perform system functions and (2) the flow of information necessary to maintain essential relationships among the components. Katina et al (2017) suggest that system design (or redesign in this case) be based on a clear understanding of system operation functions (products, services, or information) and the "fit" with the environment. The insights developed by Katina et al (2017) in R&D system design could be readily adapted to re-design of the US Navy's IT systems governance:…”

“…SECNAVINST 5000.36A lacks a clear description of how system operation functions fit with the environment in which they are expected to operate. The insights of Katina et al (2017) provide an excellent basis for creating a more holistic design for US Navy IT systems governance. We now transition to a discussion of potential application of complex system governance within the system of interest.…”

“…The Reference Model provides high-level guidance for the functions, roles, responsibilities and deliverables for Complex System Governance. Katina, Keating, and Magpili (2017) examined the particular case of a research and development (R&D) organization within the complex system prevalent in R&D. In this paper, we examine the application of Complex System Governance to Information Technology in the specific setting of the US Navy. This setting, from a researchers' perspective of beginning to examine a particular domain, has the advantage of publishing much of the high-level policy guidance in formal instructions available to the public.…”

“…A review of the published IT governance guidance for the US Navy sets the stage for an examination of the selected complex system, US Navy software acquisition and maintenance, with the application of the principles of the Reference Model. Next, the paper critically compares this examination with the complex system design principles articulated by Katina et al (2017), noting differences driven by the unique circumstances of each complex system. The paper describes research desired to test the application of the CSG in a live environment.…”