A Systems Dynamic Model for Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

Nyabadza, Farai; Coetzee, Lezanie

doi:10.1155/2017/4074197

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Integration can lead to a new avenue of cross-disciplinary studies. This integration enables the social Putra Gusrianto dan Yos Sunitiyoso and natural sciences to combine quantitative and qualitative research to educate communities while also assisting stakeholders and policymakers (Edson, 2008;Nyabadza & Coetzee, 2017).…”

Section: % P R E S C R I P T I O N D R U G S a L E S V I O L A T I O ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the application of dynamic systems in the pharmaceutical sector, Nyabadza & Coetzee (2017) has conducted research on drug abuse and drug-related crime, concluding that law enforcement will decrease crime. This is inversely proportionate to the findings of this study, which indicate that law enforcement has no substantial influence on reducing prescription drug sales violations unless other variables are also intervened.…”

Section: Putra Gusrianto Dan Yos Sunitiyosomentioning

confidence: 99%

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A System Dynamics Model to Enhance the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority's Approach to Reduce Unauthorized Drug Sales in West Sumatra Province

Gusrianto¹,

Sunitiyoso

2023

ERUDITIO - Indonesian J. of Food and Drugs Saf.

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Indonesia has a high rate of violation of prescription drug sales by unauthorized facilities such as drug stores, retail stores, as well as by doctors and other health professionals. Based on Government Regulation No. 51 of 2009 on Pharmacy Profession, prescription drugs, psychotropics, and narcotics cannot be obtained freely. These drugs can only be obtained with a doctor's prescription and are administered by a pharmacist. Inappropriate prescription drug sales result in drug misuse and irrational use, reducing the quality of drug therapy, increasing morbidity and mortality, wasting resources, reducing drug availability, increasing costs, increasing the risk of side effects, and accelerating the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance. Between 2018 and 2020, the number of criminal cases handled by the Indonesian FDA (BPOM) related to this issue increased from 8.94% to 14.48%, and the number of violations increased from 39.85% to 68.35% in the Province of West Sumatra. Prescription drug sales violations are complicated, as it involves many factors/variables and parties. This study intends to produce recommendations for reducing violations associated with the sale of prescription drug in West Sumatra Province. This study applied a system dynamic approach to analyze and simulate the variables affecting the sale of prescription drugs at unauthorized facilities. As a result, 31 factors were discovered and 10 scenarios were simulated, showing that the pharmacist's role has a significant impact on the system. Increased public perception and understanding, pharmacists’ and other health workers' responsibilities, and legal enforcement are variables that must be intervened to reduce these violations.

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Section: % P R E S C R I P T I O N D R U G S a L E S V I O L A T I O ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Putra Gusrianto Dan Yos Sunitiyosomentioning

confidence: 99%

A System Dynamics Model to Enhance the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority's Approach to Reduce Unauthorized Drug Sales in West Sumatra Province

Gusrianto¹,

Sunitiyoso

2023

ERUDITIO - Indonesian J. of Food and Drugs Saf.

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“…Reports of drug abuse in South Africa are available [ 117 – 122 ], and the increased crime rate has been associated with drug abuse apart from other factors [ 118 , 119 ]. Identification of multiple drugs, including TDA and NPS, indicates polydrug nature and the possibility of contamination of the ecosystem.…”

Section: Occurrences Of Illicit Drugs In African Environmental Compar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Illicit Drug Use to Pharmaceutical Load in the Environment: A Focus on Sub‐Saharan Africa

Ripanda

Rwiza

Nyanza

et al. 2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Illicit drug abuse and addiction are universal issues requiring international cooperation and interdisciplinary and multisectoral solutions. These addictive substances are utilized for recreational purposes worldwide, including in sub-Saharan Africa. On the other hand, conventional wastewater treatment facilities such as waste stabilization ponds lack the design to remove the most recent classes of pollutants such as illicit drug abuse. As a result, effluents from these treatment schemes contaminate the entire ecosystem. Public health officials are concerned about detecting these pollutants at alarming levels in some countries, with potential undesirable effects on aquatic species and increased health hazards through exposure to contaminated waters or recycling treated or untreated effluents in agriculture. Contaminants including illicit substances enter the environment by human excreta following illegal intake, spills, or through direct dumping, such as from clandestine laboratories, when their manufacturer does not follow accepted production processes. These substances, like other pharmaceuticals, have biological activity and range from pseudopersistent to highly persistent compounds; hence, they persist in the environment while causing harm to the ecosystem. The presence of powerful pharmacological agents such as cocaine, morphine, and amphetamine in water as complex combinations can impair aquatic organisms and human health. These compounds can harm human beings and ecosystem health apart from their low environmental levels. Therefore, this article examines the presence and levels of illicit substances in ecological compartments such as wastewater, surface and ground waters in sub-Saharan Africa, and their latent impact on the ecosystem. The information on the occurrences of illicit drugs and their metabolic products in the sub-Saharan Africa environment and their contribution to pharmaceutical load is missing. In this case, it is important to research further the presence, levels, distribution, and environmental risks of exposure to human beings and the entire ecosystem.

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“…This incorporates progressions from light use to moderate use and then escalation heavy use. On the other hand, the value used was 0.024 [14]and between (0.003, 0.004) in [15]specific to methamphetamine users. In three major cities in Tanzania 54% of arrestees who tested positive for cannabis had used the drug in the past 30 days.…”

Section: Drug Related Removal Rates Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modelling on the Effects of Drug Abuse to the Societies

Matonya¹,

Kuznetsov²

2019

APAM

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The global burden of death and disability attributable to drug users, remains a significant threat to public health for both developed and developing countries. This paper present a new mathematical modelling framework to investigate the effects of drug use in the community. In our model the transmission process is considered as a social contact process between the susceptible individuals and drug users based on the epidemiology principles. An epidemic threshold value, ܴ , is proposed for the drug-using career. Sensitivity analysis is performed on ܴ , and it is then used to examine the stability of the system. A condition under which a backward bifurcation may exist is found, as are conditions that permit the existence of one or more endemic equilibria. A key result arising from this model is that prevention is indeed better than cure.

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A Systems Dynamic Model for Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

A System Dynamics Model to Enhance the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority's Approach to Reduce Unauthorized Drug Sales in West Sumatra Province

A System Dynamics Model to Enhance the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority's Approach to Reduce Unauthorized Drug Sales in West Sumatra Province

Contribution of Illicit Drug Use to Pharmaceutical Load in the Environment: A Focus on Sub‐Saharan Africa

Mathematical Modelling on the Effects of Drug Abuse to the Societies

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