A TATA-like sequence located downstream of the transcription initiation site is required for expression of an RNA polymerase II transcribed gene.

Cárcamo, Juan M.; Maldonado, Edio; Cortés, Patricia; Ahn, Mee‐Young; Ha, Ilho; Kasai, Yumi; Flint, Jane; Reinberg, Danny

doi:10.1101/gad.4.9.1611

Cited by 80 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Transcription from the Ad-IVa2 and ML promoters occurs on different DNA strands (15). Using recombinant yeast TFIID, we demonstrated that transcription of this so called TATAless promoter was dependent on TFIID (16). Upon inspection of IVa2 promoter sequences, a TATA-like sequence (5'-TATAGAAA-3') was discovered -20 nucleotides downstream of the IVa2-transcriptional start site (16).…”

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“…Using recombinant yeast TFIID, we demonstrated that transcription of this so called TATAless promoter was dependent on TFIID (16). Upon inspection of IVa2 promoter sequences, a TATA-like sequence (5'-TATAGAAA-3') was discovered -20 nucleotides downstream of the IVa2-transcriptional start site (16). An initiator motif was identified in the Ad-IVa2 promoter; in contrast to the TATA motifs, the initiator motifs in the IVa2 and ML promoters were oriented in opposite directions.…”

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“…An initiator motif was identified in the Ad-IVa2 promoter; in contrast to the TATA motifs, the initiator motifs in the IVa2 and ML promoters were oriented in opposite directions. Accordingly, a model was presented in which the polar nature of the initiator governed the direction of transcription (16).…”

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“…Plasmid DNA containing the wild-type and mutated Ad-IVa2 promoters were as described (16). Insertion mutants between the Ad-IVa2 Inr and TATA motifs were generated using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis using the Amersham mutagenesis kit.…”

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“…Transcription conditions were as described (16). Products of the reactions were analyzed by primer-extension as described (16). RNA polymerase II was purified to apparent homogeneity (see Fig.…”

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The initiator directs the assembly of a transcription factor IID-dependent transcription complex.

Cárcamo

Buckbinder

Reinberg

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Highly purified RNA polymerase H was found to be able to weakly recognize the initiator (Inr) present in the adenovirus IVa2 and major late promoters. The association of RNA polymerase H with the Inr was enhanced by the general transcription factors. The Inr was capable of directing the formation of a DNA-protein complex. Transcription competent complexes on the adenovirus major late and IVa2 promoters appear to be formed by alternative pathways mediated through the Inr and/or "TATA" motif. The presence of both motifs, however, is required for efficient transcription utilizing a discrete start site. Complexes formed at either site required transcription factor TFIID, the TATA binding protein. Consistent with this observation, a TFUD requirement was demonstrated for transcription from a mutant adenovirus major late promoter construct lacking a functional TATA motif.Studies on various class II promoters have indicated that distinct cis-acting DNA elements can affect transcription (1, 2). One of these elements is the "TATA box," which in higher eukaryotes is located -30 nucleotides upstream from the initiation site and is thought to position the start site of transcription (3, 4). The initiator (Inr) constitutes a second such element that appears to be present in most RNA polymerase II transcribed genes and encompasses the transcriptional start site (5).Specific initiation of transcription from class II promoters requires at least six protein transcription factors (TFIIA, -IIB, -IID, -IIE, -IIF, and -IIH) in addition to RNA polymerase II (6, 7). TFIID is the only general transcription factor containing DNA binding activity specific for the TATA motif (8,9). Studies have demonstrated that binding ofTFIID to the TATA motif is the first step in the formation of a transcription-competent complex, providing a target site for association of the other general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II (6,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).Although it was thought initially that most of the RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes contained a TATA motif, it is now clear that many genes do not (15). We began our studies on TATA-less promoters by analyzing the factors required for transcription of the adenovirus IVa2 promoter (Ad-IVa2). The transcriptional start site of the Ad-IVa2 promoter is located 210 nucleotides upstream of the cap site of the adenovirus major late promoter (Ad-MLP) (15). Transcription from the Ad-IVa2 and ML promoters occurs on different DNA strands (15). Using recombinant yeast TFIID, we demonstrated that transcription of this so called TATAless promoter was dependent on TFIID (16). Upon inspection of IVa2 promoter sequences, a TATA-like sequence (5'-TATAGAAA-3') was discovered -20 nucleotides downstream of the IVa2-transcriptional start site (16). An initiator motif was identified in the Ad-IVa2 promoter; in contrast to the TATA motifs, the initiator motifs in the IVa2 and ML promoters were oriented in opposite directions. Accordingly, a model was presented in which the polar nature of the initiator governed th...

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confidence: 99%

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The initiator directs the assembly of a transcription factor IID-dependent transcription complex.

Cárcamo

Buckbinder

Reinberg

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

156

117

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Transcription from the adenovirus major late promoter uses redundant activating elements.

Reach

Young

1991

The EMBO Journal

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The adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) has been analyzed by constructing recombinant viral genomes containing mutations in possible promoter elements. Single base pair changes in the TATA box had no effect on viral replication, and MLP expression, as measured by the accumulation of late mRNAs, was at wild type levels. However, a double mutation in the TATA box reduced viral replication and MLP expression, demonstrating that the TATA box is important, although not essential, for maximal activity in virus. Primer extension analysis showed that the mRNAs were initiated at the correct position. A mutation in the CAAT box was viable, and had only minor effects on MLP expression. However, this mutation when coupled to a single mutation in the TATA box, severely reduced viral replication and expression from the MLP. Similarly, a viable mutation in the UPE, shown previously to abolish binding of USF, coupled to a single mutation in the TATA box was lethal. These results suggest that both USF and the CAAT box binding factor CP1 can interact with TFIID to effect activation, and thus that the mechanism of activation is functionally redundant.

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Properties of promoter regions of mdg1 Drosophila retrotransposon indicate that it belongs to a specific class of promoters.

Arkhipova

Ilyin

1991

The EMBO Journal

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A sequence 30 bp downstream from the start site of the Drosophila melanogaster retrotransposon mdgl is shown to be responsible for correct and precise initiation of mdgl RNA synthesis in combination with the RNA start-site sequence TCAGTT. A sequence-specific DNA binding protein is demonstrated to interact with the +30 sequence, and the efficient binding of this factor is necessary for in vivo transcriptional activity of the plasmid constructs containing mdgl promoter fragments. The nucleotides -8/+34 of mdgl represent a minimal promoter which is able to provide correct initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II at basal levels. A comparison with properties of some other retrotransposable elements and several developmentally regulated cellular genes allows us to conclude that together they form a specific class of RNA polymerase II promoter. This promoter class characteristically lacks upstream sequences necessary for transcription initiation, such as TATA boxes, but requires a specific downstream promoter element within 40 bp downstream of the RNA start site. The level of transcription can, however, be modulated by upstream regulatory elements. The identified sequence-specific downstream initiation factor may be responsible for transcription initiation on promoters of some genes which belong to this class.

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A TATA-like sequence located downstream of the transcription initiation site is required for expression of an RNA polymerase II transcribed gene.

Cited by 80 publications

References 40 publications

The initiator directs the assembly of a transcription factor IID-dependent transcription complex.

The initiator directs the assembly of a transcription factor IID-dependent transcription complex.

Transcription from the adenovirus major late promoter uses redundant activating elements.

Properties of promoter regions of mdg1 Drosophila retrotransposon indicate that it belongs to a specific class of promoters.

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