A technique for employing a yoked control in free operant verbal conditioning experiments

Harmatz, Morton G.; Lapuc, Paul

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(68)90029-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…To rule out the possibility that an opt-out choice framework might be associated with negative evaluations, we designed a second study using a yoked experimental design (Anicich et al 2015, DeCelles et al 2019, Harmatz and Lapuc 1968 to examine how opt-out framing impacts promotion decisions made by evaluators.…”

Section: Study 2: Does Competition Choice Architecture Negatively Imp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaning In or Not Leaning Out? Opt-Out Choice Framing Attenuates Gender Differences in the Decision to Compete

He¹,

Kang²,

Lacetera³

2019

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and many others, as well as participants in brownbag talks and seminars. Study 2 was registered in the AEA-RCT registry with the number AEARCTR-0004030. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

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Section: Study 2: Does Competition Choice Architecture Negatively Imp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaning In or Not Leaning Out? Opt-Out Choice Framing Attenuates Gender Differences in the Decision to Compete

He¹,

Kang²,

Lacetera³

2019

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“…The yoked-control procedure (Harmatz & Lapuc, 1968) produced the desired effect in that the Experimental and Yoked-Control groups did not differ in the number of neutral self-references, negative self-references, or total self-references. These findings are of importance in that previous studies have been faced with differences in total references between experimental and control groups, making it difficult to assess if conditioning really occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2. Yoked-Control group (Harmatz & Lapuc, 1968): The 5s in this group were given the same directions at the start of each therapy session as were read to Ss in the Experimental group. The number of reinforcements these Ss received and the time during the session they were delivered was dependent on the number of reinforcements and time in the session their yoked partner in the Experimental group elicited a reinforcement.…”

Section: Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal conditioning and therapeutic change.

Lapuc¹,

Harmatz²

1970

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the generalization of verbal conditioning effects to postconditioning personality and behavioral measures. Psychiatric 5s were given social reinforcement following positive self-references during eight 30-minute weekly therapy-type sessions. A Yoked-Control group received exactly the same reinforcement delivered noncontingently. Generalization was evaluated by change on semantic differential concepts, Taylor Manifest Anxiety scale score, and ward behavior ratings. These measures were administered before, during, immediately after, and 48 hours after conditioning. Results demonstrated conditioning and generalization to some of the personality measures. There was, however, rapid extinction of the generalization effect. The behavioral ratings and a number of the personality measures showed no generalization effect. The implications of these results to psychotherapy research were discussed.

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“…The sequence was reversed for Treatment 2 subjects. Treatment 3 constituted the "yoked" control, in which the subjects were reinforced on the same schedule as the Treatment 1 or Treatment 2 subject to whom they had been randomly yoked (Harmatz & Lapuc, 1968); however, here the reinforcement was noncontingent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial effects in counseling-like interviews: An experimental analogue.

Woods¹,

Zimmer²

1976

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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This study examined racial experimenter effects in counseling-like interviews employing the verbal operant-conditioning paradigm. The general objective was to determine whether significant differences in the conditionability of black and white students, as measured by their emission of positive and negative self-reference emotional affect statements, would obtain when the verbal reinforcement was provided by black and white experimenters. A postexperimental inquiry assessed subjects' perceptions of the interviews and their level of awareness of the experimenters' attempts to influence their verbal behavior. While no definitive conclusions were reached, this study demonstrates that the verbal operant-conditioning paradigm can be used to investigate racial effects on verbal behavior in the counseling interview. Through the use of multiple, biracial experimenters and subjects, this study goes a step further than other verbal operant-conditioning studies that have explored racial experimenter effects. The absence of significant differences in the experimenter-subject racial interaction suggests that race, per se, may not be the most important variable in the experimenter-subject (or counselor-client) relationship.

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A technique for employing a yoked control in free operant verbal conditioning experiments

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Leaning In or Not Leaning Out? Opt-Out Choice Framing Attenuates Gender Differences in the Decision to Compete

Leaning In or Not Leaning Out? Opt-Out Choice Framing Attenuates Gender Differences in the Decision to Compete

Verbal conditioning and therapeutic change.

Racial effects in counseling-like interviews: An experimental analogue.

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