Work therapy can enhance nonvocational outcomes of addiction treatment for homeless persons, although long-term gains remain unknown.

The present study presents and evaluates a procedure for controlling overeating through reinforcement. Overweight psychiatric patients were placed on an 1800-calorie-a-day diet for regular meals but were not restricted in their use of the canteen or vending machines. 3 groups were employed: (a) a behavior modification condition in which S lost money (the source of cigarettes, beverages, supplies, food, etc.) for failure to lose weight; (b) a group therapy condition in which 5 was under social pressure and social reinforcement for weight loss; and (c) a control group which was only on the diet. Weight loss was evaluated for 6 wk. of treatment and 4 follow-up nontreatment wk. The findings indicated that both behavior modification procedures and group therapy produced weight loss during the treatment phase. The behavior modification group, however, continued to lose weight during the follow-up period while the group therapy 5s regained the weight they had lost.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the generalization of verbal conditioning effects to postconditioning personality and behavioral measures. Psychiatric 5s were given social reinforcement following positive self-references during eight 30-minute weekly therapy-type sessions. A Yoked-Control group received exactly the same reinforcement delivered noncontingently. Generalization was evaluated by change on semantic differential concepts, Taylor Manifest Anxiety scale score, and ward behavior ratings. These measures were administered before, during, immediately after, and 48 hours after conditioning. Results demonstrated conditioning and generalization to some of the personality measures. There was, however, rapid extinction of the generalization effect. The behavioral ratings and a number of the personality measures showed no generalization effect. The implications of these results to psychotherapy research were discussed.

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The propensity to view time in passive-oceanic images is shown to be positively correlated with introversive tendencies as manifest on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and with preoccupation with moral and rational discipline under conditions of extreme hypothetical personal isolation. The existence of this three-fold syndrome is seen as related to the character and orientation of the ego structure, manifesting itself in three separate but highly correlated ways.