A technique for testing macromolecular samples in solution for morphogenetic effects on the isolated ectoderm of the amphibian gastrula

Yamada, Tuneo; Takata, Kenzo

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(61)90026-4

Cited by 53 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Progress along these lines has been rather slow, however, partly because the vegetalizing factor is always assayed as an insoluble pellet. This makes dilution curves, for example, difficult to interpret, and it has been a matter of some importance to obtain a purified mesoderm-inducing factor active in soluble form (Yamada and Takata, 1961). Two exciting discoveries indicate that this aim may soon be achieved.…”

Section: Mesoderm Inducing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Biology of Cell Determination and Cell Differentiation

Browder¹

1988

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Section: Mesoderm Inducing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Biology of Cell Determination and Cell Differentiation

Browder¹

1988

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“…The animal cap assay (Yamada and Takata, 1961), a simple system using isolated ectoderm (animal cap) as the responding tissue, has enabled remarkable advances in the identification of inductive factors in recent years (reviewed in Asashima, 1994). Peptide growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family can induce animal caps to differentiate into mesodermal and/or endodermal tissues that normally arise in the vegetal half of the embryo (reviewed in Ariizumi and Asashima, 1995a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activin-Treated Urodele Animal Caps: I. Mesoderm and Endoderm Differentiation of Salamander Animal Caps

Ariizumi¹,

Takano²,

Ninomiya³

et al. 1998

Zoological Science

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The differentiation patterns of animal cap explants from the Japanese salamanders Hynobius lichenatus and Hynobius nigrescens were examined after exposure to various concentrations of activin A. A wide range of concentrations of activin A (0.5-100 ng/ml) induced various mesodermal tissues such as ventral mesoderm, somitic muscle, and notochord. At concentrations higher than 50 ng/ml, yolk-rich endodermal tissue was induced in many of the explants. Activin A is also known to have mesoderm-and/or endoderm-inducing activity on the animal caps of Xenopus laevis and Cynops pyrrhogaster, but their response patterns are slightly different. The mode of differentiation of activin-treated Hynobius animal caps was compared with that of Xenopus and Cynops in relation to the structure of the animal caps.

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“…In an animal cap assay, however, isolated animal caps from blastulae show multipotential differentiation up to the early gastrula stage. Isolated animal caps were treated with the inducing factor under investigation, further cultured in a saline solution, and then analyzed (Yamada & Takata 1961). Using an animal cap assay, we have previously shown that activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor‐β family, is a crucial morphogen during development and differentiation in various vertebrates (Furue & Saito 1997; Furue & Saito 1998, 2001; Asashima et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term culture ofXenopuspresumptive ectoderm in a nutrient‐supplemented culture medium

et al. 2003

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Animal cap assay is a useful experimental model for investigating the activity of inducers in amphibian development. This assay has revealed that activin A is a potent mesoderm-inducing factor. However, it has been very difficult to induce highly differentiated tissues such as cartilage in a 3-4 day culture period. It was recently reported that jaw cartilage was induced in vitro in an animal cap that had been cultured for 14 days in Steinberg's solution using the sandwich culture method and activin A. Under these conditions, necrosis was occasionally observed in the explants. In this study, we have achieved long-term animal cap cultures in a nutrient-supplemented culture medium designated RDX. This medium was made by modifying the saline concentration of the RD medium previously developed as a basal medium for the serum-free culture of various kinds of mammalian cells. The explants cultured in RDX grew more vigorously compared with those in Steinberg's solution. RDX medium promoted a wider variety of tissue induction and gene expression in the animal caps than Steinberg's solution, and also increased the frequency of cartilage induction. Therefore, the supplemental nutrients may support and promote the differentiation of cartilage. This long-term culture method using RDX medium is useful for studying the differentiation of tissues or organs such as cartilage in vitro.

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A technique for testing macromolecular samples in solution for morphogenetic effects on the isolated ectoderm of the amphibian gastrula

Cited by 53 publications

References 12 publications

The Molecular Biology of Cell Determination and Cell Differentiation

The Molecular Biology of Cell Determination and Cell Differentiation

Activin-Treated Urodele Animal Caps: I. Mesoderm and Endoderm Differentiation of Salamander Animal Caps

Long‐term culture ofXenopuspresumptive ectoderm in a nutrient‐supplemented culture medium

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